102 Transactions. 



(b.) Several layers of ceils, the lower two or three elongated parallel 

 to the surface, and containing only a few thickened filaments of the 

 fungus ; the upper equi-dimensional, and containing a dense skein of 

 fungus filaments. 



(c.) Then a single layer of cells elongated at right angles to the surface, 

 with the endophyte intracellular. This is a fairly definite layer, and cor- 

 responds to the similar one described by Lang and Bruchmann in L. clavatum 

 and by Bruchmann in L. annotinum. 



(d.) Then several layers of cells elongated at right angles to the surface, 

 thick-walled, especially at the angles, and with the fungus in their walls 

 but not in the cell-cavities. In this it differs from L. volubile, but agrees 

 with L. clavatum. When sections were tested with iodine to demonstrate 

 the presence of starch the cell-walls of this lave.' showed a faint blue colour, 

 though no starch grains could be detected. The question arises whether 

 starch was present in small quantities in the filaments of the fungus which 

 spread in the cell-walls. 



(e.) Above (d) was the storage layer of parenchymatous cells as in 

 L. volubile. 



The meristematic tissue and the fungus were exactly as in L. volubile. 



Reproductive Organs. 



The position of the reproductive organs is similar to that of L. volubile. 

 Unfortunately, all the prothallia examined were rather old, even the smallest 

 showing the presence of a foot of a young plant when cut. 



It was not, therefore, possible to trace the development of the antheridium 

 in detail, but the mature antheridium is quite sunk beneath the surface 

 of the prothallium, and probably opens by a single cap cell. In one 

 antheridium some mature spermatazoids were found, and these were of 

 the usual Lycopodiaceous type. 



The earliest stages of archegonia found showed a neck of two cells, 

 while the central row of cells consisted of ovum and three canal cells. In 

 one instance the end cell of the central series showed two nuclei. A 

 later stage shows an ovum and six cells in the central series, in three of 

 which the nuclei are paired. The difficulty of counting the neck canal 

 nuclei is increased by the fact that the cells of the neck contain deeply 

 staining nuclei, which often lie against the wall separating the neck cells 

 from the axial row of cells. In the mature archegonium the cell-walls of 

 the axial row of cells have disappeared, and there remain the ovum and 

 nine nuclei, the six lowest of which are in pairs. The neck cells split apart, 

 and the four rows of cells diverge. 



In Lycopodium the number of cells in the axial row varies widely. In 

 L. clavatum and L. annotinum there are 6-10 or more, especially in 

 L. annotinum ; L. phlegmaria has 3-5, according to Treub ; whereas in L. 

 cernuum and L. inundatum the number may be reduced to one. Further, 

 it is very common for some of the nuclear divisions not to be followed by 

 cell division, so that the nuclei are associated in pairs. 



The Young Sporopliyte. 



The fertilization of one archegonium of a prothallium of L. scariosum 

 does not prevent the fertilization of others. There may be only /one 

 sporophyte to a prothallium (fig. 20), but it is quite common to find two 

 young sporophytes attached to the same prothallium, and in one case 



