256 



Transactions. 



The newly formed pupa is bright green in colour, the dorsum shortly be- 

 coming, dark brown to black. In a week's time the general colouring is 

 black, the ventral parts being lighter in colour. Till shortly before emerg- 

 ing, the base, dorsum, and termen of the forewings retain a considerable 

 amount of the original green. The intersegmental membrane is reddish 

 brown. Laterally the apex of the head is in front of the axial line, the 



Fig. ] .—Pupa : Ventral view, a, female genital organs ; b, Poulton's line : c, 2nd 

 legs ; d, 1st legs ; e, femur of 1st legs ; /, maxilla ; g, labial palpi ; h, antenna ; 

 i, eye. 



Note.- — All illustrations of pupae are to scale. 



dorsal line sloping forwards at the prothorax. The dorsal outline of the 

 abdominal segments is practically straight, the individual movable seg- 

 ments, of course, being somewhat rounded when extended. The posterior 

 margin of each movable abdominal overlaps the anterior portion of tb«e 

 segment behind it when the body is contacted, and when in this position 

 the dorsal line is straight. From the 8th abdominal both dorsal and ventral 

 margins rapidly converge towards the cremaster. The anterior convexity 

 of the head terminates laterally in a small prominence above the eye, bend- 

 ing round here and slightly curving downwards and outwards to the end 

 of the first legs. The ventral line continues straight from here to the 

 extremity of the wings, where it is abruptly terminated by the extremity 

 of the maxillae, which protrude from the abdomen for a distance of 0*75 mm. 

 The ventral margin of the abdominal segments below this is straight as 

 far as the 8th abdominal. The anterior extremity of the pupa is about 

 the front portion of the epicranium ; from this point it slopes forwards 

 about 2 mm. The labrum is somewhat triangular in shape, rounded be- 

 tween the eyes, and bears 2 small tubercles near its upper margin. The 

 clypeus is marked off by a fine suture. The frontal headpiece is almost 

 square in outline, slightly longer than broad, and forms a prominence 

 above the eyes ; it is almost smooth, the only sculpture being a slight- 

 network of fine lines, sometimes slightly depressed centrally. There is 

 no dorsal headpiece. The proboscis is prominent, standing out as a 

 rounded keel till about 6 mm. from its origin ; throughout this distance 

 it is the most prominent part of the front of the pupa : at first narrow 

 between the cheeks, it then widens out and forms an angle where the 

 1st leg meets the eye ; either side measures 1-70 mm. from middle line to 

 angle ; it proceeds, gradually narrowing, to wing-apex, 14-11 mm. The 

 greater part of the maxillae is smooth, though fine lines may be seen with 

 a lens ; the basal portion, however, for about 3 mm. is marked with strong 



