Mar., 1904.] Extra-Floral Nectaries and Glands. 103 



Aradus ornatus Say. Collected by Mr. Dury at Cincinnati. This is an 

 especially interesting addition to our list as the species has been un- 

 known since Say's description in 1831, until a few years ago when 

 Bergroth rediscovered it. I have noted it in the Ohio Naturalist, volume 

 IV, page 22. 



Aradus Diiryi Osb. Cincinnati, collected by Mr. Dur}-. 



Aradus Duzei Bergroth. Westerville, J. G. Sanders. Cincinnati (Dury). 



Brachyrhynchus lobatus Say. Cincinnati by Mr. Dury. 



Neuroctenus elongatus Osb. Cincinnati (Dury). 



Neuroctenus ovatus Stal. Cincinnati (Dury). Two species. Previously 

 recorded for Mexico and North Carolina. 



•Coriscus propinquvis Rent. Columbus. 



Opsicoetus personatus L. Has been rather frequent in Columbus and 

 Sandusky. 



Pelogonus americanus Uh. Cedar point. Sandusky.' 



Ivimnoporus rufoscutellatus Lat. Cedar Point. 



OHIO PLANTS WITH EXTRA=FLORAL NECTARIES 

 AND OTHER GLANDS.^^ 



John H. Sch.-vffner. 



The existence of glands and nectaries outside of the flower or 

 inflorescence has been a subject of much interest to biologists. 

 Delpino, Darwin, Trelease, and many others have given a large 

 amount of information in regard to the occurence and nattire of 

 these organs ; yet much is still obsctire and any one so inclined 

 ma}^ at least obtain considerable pleasure by making observations 

 along this line. 



A^arious views have been held as to the cau.se and use of extra- 

 floral glands and their secretions. Delpino considered that the 

 power to secrete nectar by any extra-floral organ has been speci- 

 alh' gained in every case for the sake of attracting ants and 

 wasps as a body-gttard, or as defenders of the plant against enemies. 

 Darwin while admitting that this may be the case in some plants 

 ■did not think that all such glands originated in this way. He 

 held that the saccharine matter in nectar was excreted as a waste 

 prodttct of chemical changes in the sap and that this product 

 might then become useful for accomplishing cross-fertilization or 

 for attracting a body-guard, and thtis the nectary would become 

 an object for selection. He cites the case of the leaves of certain 

 trees where a saccharine fltiid, often called honey-dew, is excreted 

 without the aid of special glands. By some, the special use of 

 extra-floral nectar is supposed to be to divert ants and other 

 insects from visiting flowers which they might otherwise injure. 

 Bitt many plants have nectar long before and long after the 

 flowering period. On \'iburnum opulus, for example, nectar is 

 still present and abundantl)^ tised by ants late in October. An- 

 other view has been that certain of these glands act as absorptive 



••■Read at the Meeting of the Ohio State Academy of Science. 



