94 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. IV, No. 4, 



Germar speaks of it as near Issus and closely related also to 

 Eur3-brachus, being distinguished by the absence of wings, the 

 foliaceous anterior femora and the smaller five-keeled front and 

 long six-spined tibiae. As these genera now stand in distinct 

 subfamilies this reference is of little value in determining rela- 

 tionship. 



The sequence of events in cases of reduction are indicated by 

 the following : First, normal individuals have fullj^ developed 

 elytra and wings ; next we find many species with fully developed 

 eh-tra but aborted wings ; next, individuals with reduced elytra 

 and no wings, and finally forms with eh-tra absent or reduced to 

 mere rudiments. 



The conclusion seems evident that for species not using wings 

 the first loss is from reduction of the wings probably since they 

 are more delicate and susceptible to influences of disuse ; next 

 the elytra show reduction at the apex, usualh' by obliteration of 

 the apical cells, the next most susceptible area, and finally b}^ 

 still further reduction in length. 



In one remarkable genus, Danepterix, recently discovered in 

 California, the wings are wanting and the elytra instead of being 

 shortened have been narrowed to mere strap-like appendages, 

 leaving a wide strip of abdomen exposed between their dorsal 

 margins as well as at the sides. 



THREE NEW SCALE INSECTS FROM OHIO. 



J. G. Sanders. 



Orthezia soudaginis, n. sp. PI. VIII. Figs. 57-63. 



^■Id nit f finale : Length (including iiiarsupiuni), 6mm.; width, 2.5mm. 

 Body covered completely by white waxy secretion in four series ; two inner 

 series composed of eight pairs of lamellae extending laterally from median 

 line with tips turned liackward and upward, gradually increasing in length 

 to the sixth, then rapidly decreasing; the ninth pair joined at tips forming 

 a ring aromid anal orifice. The two lateral series are each composed of ten 

 lamellae, all turning backward except the first on either side. The second 

 and tliird lateral lamellae are subequal, the others increasing in length to 

 the long subequal eighth and ninth, reaching midway on the marsupium ; 

 the tenth pair are very short and inconspicuous. A lamella extends down- 

 ward between the antennae to the ventral surface. The marsupium is fluted 

 on the dorsal surface, plain ventrally and gradually narrowed and elevated 

 posteriorly. 



liodv, antennae and legs dark reddish-brown. Antennae 8-jointed bearing 

 scattered hairs and with distal ends of joints enlarged ; the fusoid eighth 

 joint with a terminal spine and with distal half black. Formula - 3. 8, (4, 

 5, 2,) 6, (7, 1). Length of joints in m: (i) 135, (2) 150, (3) 205, (4) 150, 



