5o6 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. VI, No. 6, 



Such buds are said to be naked although usually well covered 

 by a silky or felty pubescence. Among the conifers Thuja occi- 

 dentalis and Juniperus virginiana have naked buds. 



Our species of Pinus, Abies, Tsuga, and Picea and most of 

 our woody dicotyls have scaly buds. The bud scales may be 

 fleshy as in Tilia americana or more commonly dry, at least on 

 the outside, as in Fagus americana and AEsculus glabra. The 

 buds may he covered on the outside by a single scale, as in the 

 various species of Salix and in Platanus occidentalis, or there 

 may be several to many scales exposed. In Fagus and AEsculus 

 the scales are imbricate and numerous while in Liriodendron 

 and Magnolia they are connate and represent pairs of stipules. 



The buds are sometimes prominently stalked, as in Hama- 

 melis virginiana and the various species of Alnus. In certain 

 trees the buds are hidden under the leaf scar, as in Robinia and 

 Gleditsia; in others they are minute and hidden under the short 

 petiole bases, as in Cornus fiorida and in Philadelphus. In Gym- 

 nocladus dioica the buds are sunken and protected by a protub- 

 erance of the bark. The buds may be single in the axils, as in 

 Morus and Ulmus, or there may be two or more in an axil. Fre- 

 quently there are three side by side, as in Amgdalus persica, Pru- 

 nus serotina, and Acer rubrum, and occasionally they are clus- 

 tered. Quite frequently the buds are superposed. This is nor- 

 mally the case in Juglans, Hicoria, Menispermum, Gymnocladus, 

 Ptelea, Gleditsia and Cladrastis. In Quercus the buds are prom- 

 inently clustered at the tip of the twig. 



In many trees and shrubs the terminal bud is self-pruned or 

 withers away. This is the condition in Morus, Ulmus, Diospy- 

 ros, Tilia, Cercis, Staphylea, and many other genera. In these 

 plants the axillary bud or pair of buds near the morphological 

 tip of the twig may be called end buds. In some species, as for 

 example Rhus glabra, a considerable part of the end of the 

 twig is deciduous. Plants with prominent terminal buds are 

 the various species of Fraxinus, Malus, Amygdalus, Juglans, 

 and Hicoria. In the genus Prunus, so far as the writer knows, 

 all the cherries, both wild and cultivated, have terminal buds 

 while the plums and apricots do not. 



Winter buds may be of a reddish or violet color, as in Tilia 

 americana and Cercis canadensis. They may be glabrous, as 

 in Liriodendron and Liquidambar, or they may have various 

 types of pubescence, as in Populus alba, Sorbus aucuparia, 

 Xanthoxylum americanum, Juglans cinerea, and Corylus amer- 

 icana. Some buds are stellate pubescent, as in Hicoria alba, 

 and others are prominently covered with peltate or scurfy scales, 

 as in Hicoria minima and in Lepargyraea. Among our trees 

 with gummy or resinous]buds]Aesculus hippocastanum, Populus 

 l?alsamifera, an(i Populus cieltoides are prominent. 



