4(3). Stems trailing or twining, often vinelike, often scabrous, often with lobed 

 leaves; fruits with a leathery or tougher rind and fleshy placental 

 tissue inside and numerous flattish seeds either buried in flesh (as 

 in the watermelon) or in 2 to many longitudinal rows on the sev- 

 eral (3 to 5, usually) placentas which are on the walls of the 



chamber (as in pumpkins and gourds); stamens often united 



127. Cucurbitaceae, p. 1569 



4. Plants not with the cucurbitaceous character-combination (5) 



5(4). Anthers 8 or more (6) 



5. Anthers 5 or fewer (rarely 6 in Ericaceae) (8) 



6(5). Stamens numerous, a cluster of them present at the base of each petal 



105. Symplocaceae, p. 1301 



6. Stamens 8 to 16 (7) 



7(6). Leaves and branchlets nearly glabrous, at least never with stellate or lepi- 

 dote vestiture; fruit a many-seeded berry; anthers appendaged 

 (genus Vaccinium of) 101. Ericaceae, p. 1267 



7. Leaves and branchlets with at least some stellate or lepidote vestiture; fruit 



winged or few-seeded, round and dry; anthers unappendaged 



104. Styracaceae, p. 1296 



8(5). Placenta free, central, attached to base of locule (genus Samolus of) 



102. Primulaceae, p. 1276 



8. Placenta when axile not free from the sides (in a few taxa the placenta is 



apical) (9) 



9(8). Leaves alternate 128. Campanulaceae, p. 1571 



9. Leaves opposite or whorled ( 10) 



10(9). Fruit an achene or an achenelike structure or at least indehiscent and 

 with a single maturing ovule 126. Valerianaceae. p. 1562 



10. Fruit a capsule, berry, drupe or schizocarp (11) 



11(10). Stipules present (these sometimes in the form of leaflike structures 



which add to the number of "leaves" at a node) 



124. Rubiaceae, p. 1538 



H. Stipules absent but stipular lines sometimes evident 



125. Caprifoliaceae, p. 1555 



12(2). Corolla forming a cap over the tiny flower' and falling as a unit at the 

 onset of anthesis, the petals separating from each other only at the 

 base; stamens opposite petals but not attached to the corolla, per- 

 sistent after the corolla falls (genus Vitis of). ...86. Vitaceae, p. 1 108 



12. Corolla not behaving as in grape flowers (13) 



13(12). Gynoecium at anthesis or shortly before anthesis with a 2-Iobed ovary 

 (or appearing as 2 carpels or 2 ovaries) but only a single style 

 owing to fusion of the styles above the ovary lobes; 1 or each lobe 

 of the ovary maturing into a folliclelike structure; stigma massive 

 (14) 



13. Ovary entire or if deeply 2-lobed then styles not united or if so the single 



style gynobasic; stigmas not often massive (15) 



14(13). Sap milky or not; stigma free from or only loosely coherent to anther- 

 and/or corolla-tissue 109. Apocynaceae, p. 1331 



24 



