13. Carex laevivaginata (Kiikenth.) Mack. Fig. 259. 



Closely resembling C. stipata in general habit and size; sheaths not cross-puck- 

 ered, at the mouth distinctly concave and thickened, hence not easily torn and 

 well-preserved in most herbarium material; spike shorter and less compound, 2-5 

 cm. long. 10-15 mm. thick, green or tinged with straw-color at maturity; scales 

 acuminate, shorter than the perigynia; perigynia lance-ovoid, plano-convex, 4.9-6.2 

 mm. long, averaging 5.2 mm. and usually less than a third as wide; achene lentic- 

 ular, stipitate, ovate, 2 mm. long (including stipe), 1.3 mm. wide. 



Boggy or swampy woods and meadows, in Okla. {Waterfall) \ Mass. to Mich, 

 and Minn., s. to n. Fla. cen. Ga., Tenn., Okla. and Mo. 



14. Carex leptopoda Mack. 



Loosely cespitose from slender elongate rootstocks; culms slender, 2-8 dm. 

 high, sharply triangular and roughened below the head, exceeding the leaves; 

 leaves yellowish-green to light-green, flat or the margins somewhat revolute, 2-5 

 mm. wide; sheaths rather loose, hyaline ventrally, the ligule acuminate and pro- 

 longed; spikes 4 to 7, ovoid or oblong, aggregated into a loose head 2-4 cm. long, 

 but the lower 1 to 3 usually separate, the lateral pistillate, the terminal gynecan- 

 drous; scales oblong-ovate, obtuse to acute or cuspidate, about the length of the 

 perigynium bodies, greenish-white with green center; perigynia plano-convex, 

 ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, greenish to greenish-white, 

 several-nerved toward the base dorsally, nerveless to very few- and short-nerved 

 ventrally, contracted into a serrulate bidentate beak half the length of the body; 

 achenes lenticular, suborbicular, about 1.5 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, 

 yellowish-brown. 



On moist or wet soil of wooded slopes and flats, and in low swampy places, 

 from near sea level to 10,000 ft., in Ariz. (Apache, Coconino and Pima cos.); 

 Mont, to B.C., s. to Ariz, and Calif. 



15. Carex Bolanderi Olney. 



Cespitose from slender short-prolonged rootstocks; culms slender, 1.5-9 dm. 

 high, sharply triangular, smooth or somewhat roughened below the head, exceed- 

 ing the leaves; leaves yellowish-green to pale-green, flat, 2-5 mm. wide; sheaths 

 rather loose, hyaline ventrally, the acuminate ligule much longer than wide; 

 spikes 5 to 8, linear-oblong, the lower 1 to 5 more or less separate, the rest 

 aggregated into a head 3-8 cm. long, gynecandrous but the staminate flowers 

 inconspicuous; scales ovate to lanceolate-ovate, acute to short-awned, brownish 

 with green center, exceeding the perigynium bodies; perigynia plano-convex, 

 lanceolate, 4-4.5 mm. long, 1-1.25 mm. wide, yellowish-green, strongly several- 

 nerved dorsally, lightly several-nerved (at least at the base) ventrally, tapering 

 somewhat abruptly into a serrulate deeply bidentate beak more than half the 

 length of the body; achenes lenticular, suborbicular or obovate, about 1.75 mm. 

 long and 1.25 mm. wide, yellowish-brown. 



Along streams, in wet meadows and on edge of marshes, from sea level to 

 8,500 ft., in N.M. (Mora Co.) and Ariz. (Coconino, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz 

 and Pima cos.) ; Mont, to B.C., s. to N.M., Ariz, and s. Calif. 



16. Carex interior Bailey. 



Densely cespitose from short dark-colored rootstocks; culms erect or ascend- 

 ing, slender but firm, wiry and strict, sharply triangular, 1.5-5 dm. high, usually 

 longer than the leaves; leaves about 3 to a culm, thin, flat or slightly channeled, 

 1-3 mm. wide; sheaths tight, the ligule wider than long; spikes 2 to 4 (6), some- 

 what but not closely crowded into an oblong head, the terminal usually 

 gynecandrous and long-clavate but sometimes entirely staminate and narrowly 



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