springs, Apr-June (to July in Trans-Pecos); s.e. U.S. n. to N.Y., 111. and Kan.; 

 also Coah. and parts of s. S.A. 



42. Carex typhina Michx. Fig. 268. 



Perennial; rhizomes black, scaly, 2-5 mm. thick, \—i cm. long between culm- 

 tufts; culms 3-8 dm. long, 1.5-4 mm. thick basally; lower sheaths brown; blades 

 3-7 mm. broad; spikes 1 to several, terminal gynecandrous, 3-4 cm. long, 12-15 

 mm. thick including the beaks, with a cylindric (slightly ovoid) terminal pistillate 

 portion of 60 to 110 closely packed spreading perigynia, basally abruptly acumi- 

 nate to the inconspicuous staminate portion; bracts sheathless, the blade surpassing 

 the spike; pistillate scales narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, apically acute but 

 not mucronate, laterally hyaline; perigynia about 6 mm. long, the obovoid bodies 

 4-5 mm. long, inflated, brownish, brittle-membranous, shiny, with 2 faint nerves 

 distally, basally narrowed and shortly rounded, apically abruptly short-conic to 

 the subulate or linear bidentate spreading or usually very slightly ascending beak; 

 achene triangular, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, occupying only a small portion of 

 the perigynium, apically acute, continuous with the persistent slender abruptly 

 sinuous style whose proximal part is texturally like the achene. C. squarrosa L. 

 var. typhina (Michx.) Nutt. 



In swamps and low wet woodlands, river bottomlands and wet sandy loam, rare 

 in e. Tex. (Harrison and Shelby cos.), July-Sept.; Que. and n.e. U.S. s. toS.C, Ky. 

 and La., w. to Wise, la.. Mo. and Tex. 



May not be specifically distinct from C. squarrosa. 



43. Carex squarrosa L. 



Culms cespitose, 3-8 dm. tall; principal blades 3-6 mm. wide; spikes usually 

 solitary, occasionally 2, rarely 3, the upper two-thirds pistillate, the lower third 

 staminate; pistillate portion elliptic, 1-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick, rounded at 

 both ends, very densely flowered; lateral spikes (if present) pistillate, smaller, 

 erect on short peduncles; bracts of the terminal spike short and narrow, of the 

 lateral ones foliaceous; staminate scales acute or acuminate; pistillate scales mostly 

 concealed, acuminate or short-awned; perigynia obconic or conic-obovoid, 3.5-7 

 mm. long, its summit with two strong ribs (the lateral) and a few obscure nerves; 

 beak 2-3.5 mm. long, its teeth 0.2 mm. long; achenes trigonous, blackish with 

 iridescent superficial cells (when fully mature), 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, base 

 of the style greatly curved. 



In wet meadows, swamps, wet swales and alluvial floodplains in Okla. (Water- 

 fall) •. w. Que. and Conn, to Wise, and Neb. s. to N. C, Ark. and Okla. 



44. Carex hyalinolepis Steud. Fig. 267. 



Perennial with extensively creeping rhizomes 2-5 mm. thick; culms single at 

 the nodes of the rhizome, 4-8 dm. long, 5-8 mm. thick basally; leaves mostly 

 crowded toward the base; basal sheaths yellowish-stramineous; blades 4-13 mm. 

 broad, tough, with noxious serrulate edges; spikes 4 to 6 (to 8) per culm, the 

 upper 1 to 3 staminate and sessile, the lower 1 to 4 short-peduncled, erect and 

 pistillate, often with an androgynous spike at an intermediate level; terminal 

 spike 3-6 cm. long, 3-6 mm. thick; lowest pistillate spike 3-8 cm. long, 11-15 

 mm. thick, with 70 to 100 ascending perigynia (overlapping closely except occa- 

 sionally the lowest 2 or 3), the scales much shorter than their perigynia; bracts 

 foliaceous, short-sheathing, that of the lowest commonly surpassing the entire 

 inflorescence, the higher ones progressively reduced; perigynia 6-9 mm. long, 

 ampulelike or very narrowly ovate, in transection elliptic, stramineous-brown to 

 olive-brown, tough-membranous, eventually becoming tough-chartaceous, with 20 

 to 25 very faint (vanishing in some specimens) nerves much narrower than the 

 spaces between them, slightly inflated, basally rounded, in the upper half slightly 

 acuminate to a scarcely beaklike firm bidentate apex; achene triangular, up to 



525 



