middle; achenes trigonous with rounded angles, the body about 4 mm. long, 3 mm. 

 wide; style persistent, straight or loosely contorted above the middle. 



Swampy woods, forested alluvial floodplains, and low wet river bottomland, 

 in Okla. (Waterfall); Vt. to Wise., s. to Ga., Mo. and Okla. 



53. Carex intumescens Rudge. Fig. 274. 



Tufted perennial; culms 3-7 dm. long, basally 1.5-3 mm. thick, erect; basal 

 sheaths reddish-brown; blades 2-5 mm. broad; spikes 2 to 4 per culm, clustered or 

 remote; terminal spike staminate, 2-5 cm. long, 2-3 mm. thick, brownish; the 

 remaining spikes pistillate, ascending, 13-22 mm. long, 14-25 mm. broad, with 8 

 to 15 close spreading perigynia; bracts sheathing, foliaceous, surpassing the in- 

 florescence; the narrowly ovate scales acute and only about half as long as their 

 perigynia; perigynia 11-16 mrn. long, the body three-fourths to five-sixths the 

 total length, ovoid to narrowly so, olivaceous, crusty-membranous, much-inflated, 

 with 14 to 19 slender nerves, basally rounded, apically tapered and passing 

 gradually into the proportionally short bidentate beak; achene longer than thick, 

 triangular, the angles not prominent and totally knobless, about 4 mm. long, 25 

 mm. wide, passing into the slender often looped style (the lower persistent part 

 of which texturally resembles the achene). 



In moist areas, floodplain woods along streams, wooded swamps and alluvial 

 plains, in Okla. (Waterfall) and e. and s.e. Tex., Apr.-June; s.e. Can. and e. U.S. 

 w. to Minn.. la.. Mo., Ark. and Tex. 



54. Carex lupulina Muhl. 



Perennial, usually very loosely tufted and with creeping rhizomes 1-3 mm. 

 thick; culms 3-10 dm. long, erect, basally 1.5-10 mm. thick, the lower sheaths 

 brownish, occasionally with a slight rosy hue; blades 3-12 mm. broad; spikes 

 3 to 6 per culm, either clustered and overlapping or the lower remote, occasionally 

 all rather remote and the lower ones long-peduncled; upper spike (rarely upper 2) 

 staminate, 3-8 cm. long, 2-4 mm. thick, brownish; lower spikes pistillate, usually 

 cylindrical, less commonly oblong or ellipsoid-oblong, often slightly nodding 

 terminally, 2-5 cm. long. 15-24 mm. thick, the lowest with 25 to 80 close ascend- 

 ing or somewhat spreading perigynia; bracts sheathing, foliaceous, that of the 

 lowest spike commonly far-suroassing the inflorescence; scales mostly hyaline- 

 translucent, broadly lanceolate, acute, often mucronate, less commonly with an 

 awn about 2 mm. long, the whole only about half to two thirds as long as the 

 perigynia; perigynia 1 1-20 mm. long, the body about half to five eighths the total 

 length, broadly ovoid, stramineous to olivaceous, crusty-membranous, with 14 to 

 21 slender nerves, inflated, basally rounded, apically acuminate and passing 

 gradually into the long slender bidentate beak; achene longer than broad, about 

 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, triangular with more or less pronounced angles 

 (making the sides seem concave) and with more or less of a process or knob on 

 each angle (very indistinct in some plants), apically continuous with the violently 

 looped style whose lower persistent part texturally resembles the achene. C 

 lupuUformis Sartw., C louisianica Bailey. 



In mud and shallow water of streams, in marshes and swamps, low roadside 

 ditches, in e. Okla. (Adair, Delaware, LeFlore, McCurtain, Ottawa, Pushmataha, 

 Creek, Osage and Haskell cos.) and e. and s.e. Tex., Apr. -May, occasionally into 

 early summer; N.S., Que. and Ont., e. U.S. w. to Minn., la., Mo., Okla. and Tex. 



55. Carex gigantea Rudge. Fig. 274. 



Loosely tufted perennial with creeping scaly rhizomes 1.5-3 mm. thick; culms 

 35-80 cm. long; basal sheaths brownish to stramineous; blades 4-12 mm. broad; 

 spikes 3 or 4 (rarely 5) per culm, usually all but the lowermost overlapping; 

 terminal spike staminate, 3-6 cm. long, 2-4 mm. thick; the remaining spikes 



535 



