1. Tofieldia Huds. False Asphodel 

 About 20 species in the North Temperate Zone and Andes. 



1. Tofieldia racemosa (Walt.) Small. Fig. 333. 



Slender perennial, mostly tufted, with short or creeping rhizomes and simple 

 usually 1 -foliate stems that are surrounded by a tuft of grasslike leaves at the 

 base; basal leaves erect, equitant, linear, to 4 dm. long and 3-5 mm. wide; cauline 

 leaf usually single and bractlike, inserted below middle of stem; scape 3-7 dm. 

 high, minutely but distinctly pubescent, increasingly so above, bearing a racemose 

 inflorescence to 15 cm. long; flowers creamy-white, the segments separate and 

 spreading, 2 or 3 together at each node, with pubescent pedicels, subtended imme- 

 diately below the perianth by a small perfoliate bractlet having 3 ovate lobes; 

 terminal flowers opening first; perianth segments oblong to broadly elliptic- 

 oblanceolate, concave, 3-nerved, obtuse, 4-5 mm. long; stamens 6, exceeding the 

 perianth; anthers ovate-cordate, 2-celled; filaments flattened, subulate; capsule 

 narrowly obovoid, firm-walled, about 3 mm. long, subtended by the persistent 

 perianth and tipped by the 3 enlarged divergent styles; seeds narrowly ellipsoid, 

 appendaged at both ends, about 2 mm. long. 



In wet sandy soils on pine savannahs and in pitcher plant bogs in s.e. Tex., 

 June-Sept.; from Fla. to Tex., n. to N.J. 



2. Zigadenus Michx. Death Camas. Poison Sego 



Smooth and often glaucous perennials with rhizomes or bulbs, leafy stems and 

 rather large panicled or racemed white to yellow or greenish to bronze perfect or 

 polygamous flowers; perianth withering-persistent spreading; floral segments ob- 

 long or oval, 1- or 2-glandular near the more or less narrowed but rarely definitely 

 unguiculate base; stamens free from the floral segments and about as long as them; 

 anthers cordate or reniform; capsules 3-Iobed, 3-celled, dehiscent to the base; 

 seeds oblong or linear, angled. 



About 15 species in the Northern Hemisphere of America and Asia. When 

 grazed, most of the species are usually fatal to sheep and some species even to 

 cattle. The bulbs are also poisonous. 



1. Perianth segments 8-17 mm. long, bearing a bilobed gland or 2 glands well 

 above the base; filaments widened at the base (2) 



1. Perianth segments 3-7 mm. long, bearing a single basal gland (3) 



2(1). Stem from bulbous-thickened base; perianth segments obtuse, 8-12 mm. 

 long; gland bilobed 1. Z. elegans. 



2. Stem from creeping rhizome; perianth segments acuminate, 12-17 mm. long; 



bearing 2 glands 2. Z. glaherrimus. 



3(1). Pedicels usually 2 cm. long or more; filaments widened at base; bracts 8-12 



mm. long; distribution in New Mexico and Arizona 



3. Z. virescens. 



3. Pedicels usually less than 1 cm. long; filaments slender throughout; bracts 



2-5 mm. long; distribution in Texas (4) 



4(3). Flowers polygamous; inflorescence always paniculate 



4. Z. leimanthoides. 



4. Flowers perfect, usually in a simple raceme 5. Z. densus. 



1. Zigadenus elegans Pursh. White camas, alkali-grass. Fig. 334. 



Stem rather stout, erect, to about 8 dm. high; leaves crowded toward base, 

 narrowly to broadly linear, to about 4 dm. long and 1 cm. wide, thin, attenuate 

 at tip; inflorescence commonly a slender loose cylindric raceme, rarely a panicle; 

 middle and upper bracts with scarious margins and summits, blunt to mucronate; 

 pedicels usually slender; perianth pale or slightly sufi"used with purple or brown 



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