4(3). Anthers basally dorsifixed; filaments very short 3. Cooperia 



4. Anthers medially dorsifixed; filaments well-developed (5) 



5(4). Perianth erect; stamens of 2 lengths 4. Zephyranthes 



5. Perianth oblique or declinate; stamens of 4 lengths 5. Habranthus 



1. Hymenocallis Salisb. Spider-lily 



Herbs with scapes and leaves from a rather large tunicated bulb; flowers white 

 (in ours), showy, essentially sessile in a terminal umbel subtended by 2 or more 

 usually scarious bracts; perianth tube very slender, elongate, the limb with linear 

 to narrowly lanceolate spreading segments; crown showy, forming a large con- 

 spicuous cup that connects the bases of elongate filaments; anthers versatile; capsule 

 firm, few-seeded. 



Forty or mere species in the warmer parts of the Western Hemisphere. H. 

 caymanensis Herb, has been reported from coastal Texas but no material has 

 been seen. The long (12-16 cm.) perianth tube is characteristic of this species. 



1. Flowering from July to September after the leaves begin to wither 



1. H. Eulae. 



1. Flowering from March to May or sporadically to July, with the leaves (2) 



2(1). Free part of filaments 20 mm. long or less; larger perianth segments 

 usually 5 mm. wide or less; crown 25-35 mm. long; leaves com- 

 monly less than 20 mm. wide 2. H. Liriosme. 



2. Free part of filaments 23-35 mm. long; larger perianth segments usually more 



than 5 mm. wide; crown 33-40 mm. long; leaves 18-42 mm. wide 

 3. H. caroliniana. 



1. Hymenocallis Eulae Shinners. 



Bulb about 5 cm. in diameter, to 75 mm. long (including neck); scape 6-9 dm. 

 high; leaves glaucous-green, oblanceolate, to 6 dm. long and 5 cm. wide, slightly 

 recurved, appearing in late winter and dying off in late spring; spathes lanceolate, 

 to 4 cm. long; umbel mostly 6- to 9-flowered; flowers snow-white, about 2 dm. 

 across, fragrant (especially at night); perianth tube 8-12 cm. long, the segments 

 to 1 dm. long; staminal cup about 65 mm. in diameter, the edges somewhat 

 lacerate, with sharp points; ovary sessile, about 1 cm. long; filaments 3-4 cm. 

 long; anthers introrse. 



In heavy soils near streams that periodically overflow and seepage slopes in 

 s.e. Tex., July-Sept.; also La. 



2. Hymenocallis Liriosme (Raf.) Shinners. 



Bulb with black outer and white inner coat; scape sharply 2-edged. biconvex, 

 spongy, shriveling to less than half its original width and less than a fourth its 

 thickness in drying; leaves shining, light-green, to about 4 cm. wide, appearing in 

 the spring; flowers snowy-white (tinged lemon-yellow in the center and greenish 

 or yellowish on perianth tube), blooming simultaneously with appearance of leaves, 

 about 2 dm. in diameter; perianth tube 6-8 cm. long. H. galvestonensis of auth. 



Common on stream banks, in ditches and wet places in e. Tex., w. to Red River, 

 Van Zandt, Kaufman and Victoria cos., Mar.-May; from La. and Tex. to Ark. 

 and (?) Okla. 



3. Hymenocallis caroliniana (L.) Herb. Fig. 340. 



Scape 35-53 cm. high; leaves narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic-ligulate, 1.8-4 

 cm. wide; umbel 3- to 9-flowered; spathe bracts lanceolate, acute to obtusely 

 acute, to 6 cm. long; flowers sweetly fragrant; perianth segments greenish-white 

 below, to 1 dm. long; crown 3.3-4 cm. long, the margins irregularly incised; fila- 

 ments 23-35 mm. long; style exceeding the stamens; fruit globose, usually with 



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