ovate-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, usually acute at apex, cuneate at base, sharply 

 and doubly serrate, not lobulate or only slightly so, glabrous or puberulous 

 beneath; staminate aments in short racemes: stamens (1) 2 or 3; pistillate aments 

 1.5-2.5 cm. long; scales thin, slightly thickened and nearly truncate at apex; nutlets 

 without a true wing. 



Along mt. streams and low meadowlands in N.M. (Grant, Sierra and Socorro 

 COS.) and Ariz. (Apache and Coconino cos. s. to Graham and Pima cos.); also 

 n. Mex. 



Fam. 48. Fagaceae Dum. Beech Family 



Monoecious trees or shrubs with alternate simple straight-veined deciduous or 

 evergreen leaves and deciduous stipules; staminate flowers in aments or capitate 

 clusters; pistillate flowers solitary or slightly clustered; the 1 -celled and 1 -seeded 

 nut entirely to partly enclosed in a cupule formed by the more or less consolidated 

 bracts that become indurated; ovary 3- to 7-celled; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, 

 usually with only one ripening; styles 3; seed with no albumen, filled by the 

 embryo and with 2 integuments. 



About 900 species in 8 genera mostly cosmopolitan but most abundant in the 

 Northern Hemisphere. 



1. Quercus L. Oak 



Shrubs to large trees, monoecious; pith star-shaped, continuous; wood usually 

 hard with both uniseriate and multiseriate rays, the vessels grouped in a matrix 

 of wood-parenchyma, either diffuse-porous or ring-porous, often plugged by 

 tyloses; buds crowded toward the ends of the usually fluted twigs; stipules associ- 

 ated with the buds rather than the leaves, subulate to ligulate, promptly caducous 

 or sometimes persistent; leaves alternate, usually distinctly petioled, never quite 

 sessile, simple, entire or toothed or pinnately lobed, pinnately veined; staminate 

 flowers in elongate flaccid catkins, apetalous, the calyx of 5 lobes fused into a 

 more or less bowl-shaped perianth enclosing 5 to 10 free stamens with short anthers 

 and slender filaments; pistillate flowers in a reduced catkin with a stiff' woody 

 rachis ehher short or long and 1- to several-flowered, the calyx of 6 sepals adherent 

 to the bases of the styles and fused into a tube, the pistil of 3 carpels comprising 

 a single 3-celled ovary (each cell containing 2 ovules) and 3 free styles which are 

 ventrally stigmatic toward the dilated apex; fruit 1 -celled and 1 -seeded, the 5 

 remaining ovules aborted and adhering to the developed seed, the seed enclosed 

 in a shell (forming a nut or acorn) and seated in a cup or involucre formed (in 

 our species) of scales (each with a more or less aborted bud in its axil), developing 

 from a compressed inflorescence, the cup enveloping the whole nut or covering 

 it only at the base. 



A genus of some 500 or so recognized species in the Northern Hemisphere, 

 exclusive of the Arctic; about 250 in the New World centering in central Mexico 

 and reaching Canada and Colombia. 



1 . Leaves distinctly several-lobed (2) 



1. Leaves entire to merely sinuate or unevenly dilated, rarely obscurely 3 -lobed 



at apex (6) 



2(1). Leaf lobes acute to rounded, at most mucronate-tipped (3) 



2. Leaf lobes and teeth narrowly acute to acuminate and aristate-tipped (5) 



3(2). Cups thick, typically 3-6 cm. in diameter, fringed about the lip with 



coarsely attenuated apices of the uppermost scales 



1. Q. macrocarpa. 



3. Cups thin, typically less than 3 cm. in diameter, not fringed about the lip (4) 



783 



