especially toward the bases, lower surfaces persistently fulvous-tomentose, some 

 forms very sparingly stellate-villous, especially shade leaves; petioles 1-3.5 cm. 

 long, shorter in some shade forms, dorsally glabrate and ventrally pubescent like 

 the blade; staminate catkins 6-8 cm. long, densely fulvous-tomentose, rather 

 loosely or closely flowered, the anthers well-exserted from the ciliate perianth; 

 pistillate catkins 5-10 mm. long, 1- to 3-flowered, from fulvous-pubescent tardily 

 glabrate like the twigs; fruit biennial, solitary or paired on peduncles to 1 cm. 

 long and 3 mm. thick; cups 1-2 cm. broad, 6-8 mm. high, goblet-shaped to 

 turbinate, basally rounded or markedly constricted, margins not inrolled; cup 

 scales ovate, somewhat thickened basally, the apices rather loosely appressed, 

 dorsally densely short-fulvous-tomentose except the glossy brown margins; acorns 

 12-15 mm. long, 8-15 mm. broad, ovoid or flattened basally, rounded apically, 

 sparingly puberulent, dull brown, about one third included. Q. digitata (Marsh.) 

 Sudw., Q. rubra var. leucophylla Ashe, Q. rubra Sarg., non L., Q. rubra var. 

 triloba (Michx.) Sarg., Q. rubra var. pogodaefolia (Ell.) Sarg., Q. rubra var. 

 digitata (Marsh.) Cory & Parks. 



In moist or wet forests in the timber region of e. Okla. and e. Tex., in river 

 bottoms or uplands; ranging e. to the Atl. and n. to N.J. and Mo. 



5. Quercus palustris Muenchh. Pin oak. 



Tree to 30 m. tall, the lateral branches usually somewhat drooping; mature twigs 

 glabrous; leaves deeply lobed, 8-13 cm. long, 5-13 cm. wide, more or less sub- 

 truncate at base, shining, paler beneath, glabrous except for conspicuous tufts of 

 stellate hairs in the vein axils; leaf lobes in 2 or 3 pairs, much longer than the 

 width of the central body of the blade, often widened distally and toothed, bristle- 

 tipped; cups saucer-shaped, 1-1.6 cm. wide, covering a fourth to a third of the 

 acorn, with very small puberulent scales; acorn depressed-ovoid, 1-1.3 cm. long. 



In swampy woods and bottomlands in e. Okla.; Mass. to Mich., la., Okla., 

 Tenn. and N. C. 



Because of its tolerance to city air pollution it is often planted as a street tree. 



6. Quercus Phellos L. Willow oak. 



Moderate or large trees to 20 m. tall, with a trunk diameter of 7.5 dm. and 

 hard rather smooth bark; twigs 1-2 mm. thick, fluted, glabrous or from stellate- 

 tomentose quickly glabrate or rather persistently floccose, dull-reddish-brown 

 with inconspicuous lenticels; buds 2-4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, narrowly 

 ovoid to usually lanceolate, very acute, the scales dark-russet and glabrous except 

 the ciliate edges; stipules caducous, 6-8 mm. long, filiform-ligulate to spatulate, 

 dorsally villous, apically tomentose; leaves deciduous, moderately thin but coria- 

 ceous, usually 6-12 (or rarely 16) cm. long and 1-2.5 (or even 4) cm. broad, 

 linear-lanceolate to sometimes oblanceolate or even narrowly ovate or obovate, 

 setaceously acu^e at apex or sometimes obtuse but aristate-tipped. cuneate or nar- 

 rowly rounded basally, entire, strongly revolute in the bud and lengthening before 

 unfolding (thus filiform for a time), margins eventually flat or undulate or minutely 

 revolute, upper surfaces dark, dull- or glossy-green, glabrous to tomentose along 

 the midrib toward the base, lower surfaces lighter dull-green, from villous- 

 tomentose to glabrate or with conspicuous axillary tufts or densely tomentose along 

 the midrib; petioles 1-4 mm. long, from densely stellate-tomentose promptly or 

 tardily glabrate; staminate catkins 25-35 mm. long, moderately closely flowered, 

 villous, the oval anthers well-exserted from the villous-tomentose perianth; pistil- 

 late catkins 1-3 mm. long, 1- to 3-flowered; fruit biennial, solitary or paired on 

 peduncles to 5 mm. long or subsessile; cups 1-1.5 cm. broad, 4-8 mm. high, 

 saucer-shaped to goblet-shaped, the base flat or markedly constricted, the margin 

 not inrolled; cup scales narrowly ovate, the attenuately rounded apices closely 



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