9. Barbarea R. Br. Winter Cress 



Glabrous to sparsely hirsute biennial or perennial herbs with overwintering 

 rosettes; stem erect, angled, branched above; cauline leaves with clasping bases; 

 flowers yellow, in elongate ebracteate racemes; stamens 6; silique linear, terete 

 or somewhat 4-sided, the valves keeled by a midnerve; style more or less beaklike; 

 seeds in a single row in each locule, marginless; cotyledons accumbent. 



About a dozen species in North America and Eurasia. 



I. Beak of silique slender, 1.8-3 mm. long; uppermost leaves typically coarsely 

 dentate, angulate or lobed 1. B. vulgaris. 



1. Beak of silique stoutish, 0.3-1 (-2) mm. long; uppermost leaves typically 

 lyrate-pinnatifid 2. B. orthoceras. 



1. Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. var. arcuata (Opiz) Fries. Yellow rocket, winter 



CRESS. Fig. 476. 



Smooth or sometimes basally hirsute biennial or perennial; lower leaves lyrate 

 or rarely simple, the terminal elliptic-oblong to suborbicular lobe much the largest, 

 the lateral smaller and narrower lobes in 1 to 4 pairs or wanting; upper leaves 

 obovate to rounded, coarsely dentate, angulate or lobed but rarely pinnatifid; 

 flowers somewhat racemose even in anthesis; raceme lax and opven; petals narrowly 

 obovate. 5.5-8 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, bright yellow; siliques with slender 

 spreading pedicels, arcuate-ascending to horizontally divergent, not imbricated, 

 mostly 2-3 cm. long, with a slender beak (style) 1.5-3 mm. long; seeds short- 

 oblong to quadrate. 1-1.5 mm. long, the lustrous grayish surface rugulose. 



Wet meadows, alluvial ground near streams, and ubiquitous in weedy areas, in 

 Okla. {Waterfall), Apr.-June; Que. to 111., s. to Va., Ky. and Okla. 



2. Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. American winter cress. 



Glabrous or sparsely hirsute biennial with a taproot and usually a simple 

 caudex, 3-6 dm. tall; stems usually many from base, stiff, erect, angled, usually 

 much-branched; basal leaves long-petiolate. to 12 cm. long; blade oblong-elliptic 

 or subcordate to lyrate-pinnatifid to pinnate, the 2 to 6 linear lateral lobes 

 entire to obtusely toothed, the ovate to orbicular terminal lobe irregularly toothed 

 to entire, the petiole and sometimes the blade often long-ciliate or sparsely hirsute; 

 lower cauline leaves similar to the basal but reduced upward, sometimes becoming 

 simple, sagittate and winged-petiolate; racemes single and terminal, or more 

 generally compound, reduced racemes present in the lower leaf axils; pedicels 

 stout, 2-3 mm. long; sepals pale yellowish-green, about 2 mm. long; petals 

 yellow, spatulate-oblanceolate. 3-5 mm. long; siliques 2-5 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. 

 broad, slightly compressed but somewhat 4-angled due to the prominence of the 

 midnerve of the valves, erect or strongly ascending, straight or somewhat arcuate, 

 acute; style beaklike, 0.5-2 mm. long; stigma very silghtly lobed; seeds uniseriate, 

 finely pitted, about 1.5 mm. long, not mucilaginous. B. americana Rydb. 



Meadows, moist slopes, stream banks, springs, bogs and moist woods, in N. M. 

 (Colfax and Taos cos.) and Ariz. (Apache, Cochise, Coconino and Graham cos.), 

 Mar.-Aug.; Lab. and N.E., w. to Alas., s. in mts. to Colo., N.M., Ariz., Cahf. and 

 Mex.; Euras. 



10. Cakile Mill. Sea Rocket 



Annual herbs, fleshy, glabrous, caulescent, chiefly maritime; leaves alternate, 

 entire or pinnatifid; flowers racemose, perfect; sepals erect, gibbous at the base; 

 corolla cream to white or light-lavender; ovary sessile, the style wanting and the 

 stigma entire; fruit indehiscent, 2-jointed. the joints 1 -chambered with each usuaUy 

 1 -seeded; seeds wingless; cotyledons accumbent, oblique or incumbent. 



981 



