1. Geum canadense Jacq. White avens. 



Stem rather slender, to 12 dm. high, glabrous to sparingly hirsute, often minutely 

 pubescent or glandular-puberulent at summit; leaves of basal tufts long-petioled, 

 the petioles smooth or sparsely hairy, simple and undivided or with 3 to 5 (rarely 

 7) rhombic serrate leaflets; lower stem leaves similar to the basal leaves but short- 

 petioled to sessile, mostly with 3 leaflets; upper stem leaves ternately cleft or 

 simple, sharply serrate and acute; stipules ovate-oblong, 1-2 cm. long, subentire 

 or cleft; peduncles filiform, minutely pilose to glandular-puberulent; pedicels 

 velvety-puberulent; calyx lobes lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4-10 

 mm. long; petals white, oblong to obovate, 5-9 mm. long, 2-4.5 mm. broad, 

 about equaling to longer than calyx lobes; fruiting head spherical, with numerous 

 achenes, 1.2-2 cm. in diameter; the upper segment of the style ascending or 

 spreading, only tardily reflexed; denuded receptacle densely white-villous. 



In swamps, mud at edge of lakes and streams and in moist rich woods in Okla. 

 (Murray, McCurtain, Woodward and Bryan cos.) and in the e. third of Tex., w. 

 to Real Co., Apr.-July; from N. S. to S. D., s. to Ga. and Tex. 



We have two variants of this species that may be segregated as follows: 



1. Terminal segment of median cauline leaves usually acute; carpels 3-4 mm, 



long, broadly ovate (G. camporum Rydb.) 



var. camporum (Rydb.) Fern. 



1. Terminal segment of median cauline leaves usually obtuse; carpels 2-3 mm. 

 long, narrowly obovate to cuneate var. texanum Fern. 



2. Geum aleppicum Jacq. 



Perennial with short rootstock and 1 to several simple stems to 1 m. tall, puberu- 

 lent below and spreading-hirsute above; basal leaves several, somewhat rosulate, 

 oblong-obovate in outline, to 2 dm. tall, interruptedly lyrate-pinnatifid; primary 

 segments 5 to 9, cuneate-obovate, strongly cleft and usually doubly dentate, the 

 terminal segment lobed for more than half its length; cauline leaves several, 

 the lower ones pinnatifid and with large leafletlike stipules, the upper ones be- 

 coming trilobed; flowers several in a leafy-bracteate unsymmetrical cyme; hypan- 

 thium saucer-shaped, 3-4 mm. long; sepals 5-8 mm. long, reflexed; petals yellow, 

 spreading, about equal to or slightly longer than the sepals; stamens 60 or more; 

 achenes flattened, elliptic in outline, 3-4 mm. long; style strongly geniculate above 

 mid-length, of 2 distinct segments, the lower brownish persistent and hooked 

 segment glabrous or slightly hirsute near the base and about 4.5 mm. long, the 

 hirsute upper segment about 1.5 mm. long and deciduous. G. strictum Ait., nom. 

 illegit. 



Along streams, in marshes, swamps, wet meadows and wet woods in N. M. 

 (wide spread in mts.) and Ariz. (Apache, Navajo, Coconino and Yavapai cos.), 

 June-Aug.; Nfld. and Que. to B. C, s. to Pa., W. Va., O., Ind., 111., la.. Neb., 

 Ariz., N.M. and Mex.; also Euras. 



Arizona specimens are usually referred to var. decurrens (Rydb.) Kearn. & 

 Peeb., with leaf segments more or less decurrent on the rachis. 



3. Geum macrophyllum Willd. var. perincisum (Rydb.) Raup. Big leaf avens. 



Fig. 496. 



Perennial herb with stout stems, erect, bristly pubescent, 3-10 dm. tall; stipules 

 broad, foliaceous; basal leaves petioled; leaflets incised and serrate, the terminal 

 leaflets very large and lobed to one third or one half the length, round-cordate, 

 6-10 cm. broad, the lateral leaflets oval or obovate, with smaller ones interspersed; 

 cauline leaves reduced, their leaflets usually shallowly cleft to deeply toothed; 

 flowers in open cyme; bractlets linear, minute; penduncles and pedicels strongly 

 glandular; sepals 3-5 mm. long; petals yellow, 4-8 mm. long; fruiting heads 



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