-villous and sparingly glandular-pubescent; cauline leaves several, alternate, much- 

 reduced; flowers 1 to 4; calyx usually strongly purple-tinged, subglabrous to pubes- 

 cent, the sepals 6-10 mm. long; hypanthium shallowly funnelform, 3-5 mm. long, 

 less than twice as long as broad, equaled or exceeded by the bracteoles; petals 

 spreading, yellow, obovate, 6-12 mm. long, occasionally retuse; stamens 50 to 

 70, inserted just below the petals near tip of hypanthium; achenes fusiform- 

 lanceolate, 2.5-4 mm. long, hairy, the straight glabrous style persistent and 

 about as long as the achene. G. turhinatmn Rydb.; Sieversia turbinata (Rydb.) 

 Greene. 



In wet meadows, talus slopes and cirques in high mts. in N. M. (Otero, San 

 Miguel and Santa Fe cos.) and Ariz. (Coconino Co.), May-July; Mont, and 

 Ore. s. to N. M. and Ariz. 



7. Rubus L. Bramble. Dewberry. Blackberry 



Perennial shrubs or less often herbs, very often prickly, with simple or more 

 commonly compound serrate or lobed leaves and small to large perfect or uni- 

 sexual white to pink or reddish flowers; hypanthium small, flat to hemispheric; 

 sepals usually 5, valvate, spreading to reflexed. commonly ending in a short cau- 

 date appendage; bractlets none; petals as many as the sepals, erect or spreading, 

 spatulate to obovate or elliptic; stamens numerous; pistils numerous, inserted on 

 a convex to conic receptacle that often elongates in fruit; style filiform or clavate; 

 fruit a cluster of drupelets that fall together or sometimes separately, the recep- 

 tacle falling with the drupelets or remaining attached to the pedicel, usually edible. 



In the shrubby species, the plant sends up from a perennial base a series of bi- 

 ennial stems, during their first year these are termed "primocanes" that normally 

 do not branch nor flower, during their second year they are known as "floricanes" 

 at which time they emit a number of short lateral branches with a few leaves 

 and usually with a terminal flower or inflorescence; leaves of the primocanes 

 compound; leaves of the floricanes often partly simple, regularly smaller and often 

 of a different shape than those of primocanes. 



The taxonomy of Rubus is complicated by hybridization, polyploidy and apo- 

 mixis. More than 1,000 entities have been proposed in this genus. At present, 

 there exists no infallible method for properly categorizing these proposals. 



Species of Rubus have a tendency to become entangled with shrubby vegeta- 

 tion in or in proximity to wet lands. It is quite possible that we should have in- 

 cluded additional entities, but for the present, considering the taxonomic plight of 

 this genus, we feel that to have done so would not have served any real purpose. 



Practically all wildlife eat either the fruit or vegetation of most of these species. 

 The thorny brambles often make thickets where birds and small animals find 

 protection and nesting sites. 



1. Stems prostrate, only the flowering branches erect; distribution in Arizona.... 

 1. R. arizonensis. 



1. Stems erect or high-arching; distribution in central Oklahoma and central 



Texas eastward (2) 



2(1). Main leaflets of mature primocane leaves long and narrow, attenuate at 

 apex, the length usually twice or more the width, narrowed to the 

 tip mostly in concave or sunken curves; floricane leaflets usually 

 also narrow 2. R. louisianus. 



2. Main leaflets of mature primocane leaves typically ovate to elliptic, the width 



distinctly more than one-half the length, the sides often convex 

 toward the apex; floricane leaflets similarly to but smaller than 

 the primocane leaflets 3. R. oklahomus. 



1035 



