narrowly oblong, beaked or beakless, often narrowed toward the apex, rounded or 

 narrowed toward the base, compressed laterally, the prominent ribs unwinged and 

 narrower or broader than the intervals; oil tubes small, usually solitary in the 

 intervals and 2 on the commissure, the seed face sulcate; each rib with a large 

 group of strengthening cells. 



A circumboreal genus of about 40 species, chiefly Eurasian. 



1. Fruit elliptic to oblong, broadest at or near the middle; ribs narrower than the 

 intervals 1. C procumhens. 



1. Fruit lanceolate, broadest distinctly below the middle; ribs as wide as the inter- 



vals or contiguous (2) 



2(1). Ovaries and fruits glabrous 2. C. Tainturieri var. Tainturieri. 



2. Ovaries and fruits conspicuously pubescent 2. C. Tainturieri var. dasycarpum. 



1. Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz. 



Stems spreading, often weak, usually branched from the base, 2-6 dm. long, 

 glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaf segments oblong to ovate, glabrous beneath 

 or with a few widely scattered hairs; primary rays 1 to 3; pedicels 2 to 6, at anthesis 

 very short, at maturity to 1 cm. long, filiform; fruit elliptic or oblong, broadest at 

 or near the middle, 5.5-10 mm. long, a fourth to a third as wide, convexly nar- 

 rowed to the summit; ribs slender, narrower than the intervals. 



Moist or wet woods, alluvial soil along streams and in valleys, glades and thick- 

 ets, Okla. {Waterfall); N.Y. to s. Mich., la., and Kan., s. to Ga., Ark. and Okla. 



2. Chaerophyllum Tainturieri Hook var. Tainturieri. 



Plant erect, 1.5-9 dm. high, annual, the stems solitary and usually branching 

 near the base, sparsely hispid or hispidulous above and densely retrorsely hispid 

 beneath to glabrate; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, to 12 cm. long and 10 cm. 

 wide, ternate-pinnately dissected, the ultimate divisions distinct or more or less 

 confluent, linear to ovate, obtuse to acute, glabrous to more or less hispid; pedun- 

 cles usually obsolete; involucel of several conspicuous ovate rounded to acute 

 ciliate-margined bractlets usually longer than the pedicels and spreading or reflexed 

 in fruit; rays 1 to 5 (usually about 3), to 75 mm. long; pedicels 3 to 20, to 1 cm. 

 long; fruit narrowly oblong, beaked or narrowed toward the apex, rounded to 

 narrowed toward the base, 4-8 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, the ribs narrower to 

 much broader than the intervals. C. texanum Coult. & Rose. 



In prairies, wet woodlands and alluvial thickets, widespread in Okla. (Waterfall) 

 and in the e. half of Tex., Mar.-May; from Va., s. to Fla., w. to Kan., Mo., Tex. 

 and Ariz. 



Var. dasycarpum Wats. Similar to var. Tainturieri in vegetative characters but 

 the ovaries and fruits are conspicuously pubescent. With the typical phase chiefly 

 in Okla. {Waterfall) and the e. half of Tex., Mar.-May; from Tex. e. to Ala. and 

 n. to Mo. 



11. Foeniculum Adans. Fennel 

 A genus of about 5 species, chiefly of the Mediterranean region. 



1. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Common fennel. Fig. 581. 



Plant rather stout, erect, branching, glabrous and glaucous, with a strong anise 

 odor, perennial or biennial from taproots, 9-21 dm. high; leaves ovate to ovate- 

 triangular, 3 dm. long, 4 dm. wide, pinnately decompound, dark-green, the ultimate 

 divisions filiform; inflorescence of compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axil- 

 lary, 15-65 mm. long; involucre and involucel lacking; rays 15 to 40, spreading- 

 ascending in flower, ascending to suberect in fruit, somewhat unequal, 1-6.5 cm. 

 long; pedicels several, spreading, 2-10 mm. long, subequal; flowers yellow, the 



1229 



