stamens 5, partly adnate to the corolla tube; carpels 3, superior, united up to the 

 linear stigmas; fruit usually a trilocular capsule, dehiscent loculicidally; seeds one 

 to many in each cell, rounded, angulate or rarely winged, in some species becom- 

 ing viscid when wet. 



About 300 species in 15 genera, mostly in North America. 



1. Leaves pinnatifid or variously lobed (2) 



1. Leaves entire (4) 



2(1). Leaves palmatifid into linear elongate segments 1. Linanthastrum 



2. Leaves not as above (3) 



3(2). Calyx tube of essentially uniform texture throughout, somewhat accres- 

 cent, not ruptured by the developing capsule 2. Polemonium 



3. Calyx tube with green costae separated by hyaline intervals 3. Gilia 



4(1). Calyx tube of essentially uniform texture throughout, somewhat accrescent, 

 not ruptured by the developing capsule 4. CoUomia 



4. Calyx tube with green costae separated by hyaline intervals 5. Microsteris 



1. Linanthastrum Ewan 

 One or possibly two species of western United States and northern Mexico. 



1. Linanthastrum Nuttallii (Gray) Ewan. 



Taprooted fragrantly aromatic perennial woody-based herb to about 3 dm. tall; 

 stems numerous, slender, simple or branched, puberulent at least above; leaves 

 sessile, opposite, palmatifid into 5 to 9 linear elongate spinulose-tipped segments 

 to 2 cm. long, each usually with a fascicle of smaller leaves; flowers subsessile in 

 compact leafy-bracteate clusters at the ends of the stems; calyx 6-9 mm. long, 

 scarcely accrescent; corolla salverform, white or cream-color, the whoUy-puberulent 

 tube about equaling the calyx, the limb about 1 cm. wide; stamens about equal 

 and inserted at the base of the short throat, the anthers just reaching the orifice 

 of the corolla; capsule 1 -seeded in each locule, the valves persistent after dehis- 

 cence. 



Mostly in open pine forests but also in seepage below dams and along streams, 

 in Ariz. (Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, Greenlee, Gila and Pima cos.), 

 July-Nov.; Ida. and Wash., s. to Chih., Ariz, and Baja Calif. 



2. Polemonium L. Jacob's Ladder 



Erect, spreading, decumbent or rhizomatous annuals or perennials; stems simple 

 or branched; leaves pinnately divided; leaflets entire to palmately 3- or 5-parted, 

 narrowly linear to rotund; flowers in terminal or axillary cymes, solitary to capi- 

 tately congested, or in a sympodial raceme; calyx herbaceous throughout, accres- 

 cent, campanulate, the lobes deltoid to acuminate; corolla rotate-campanulate to 

 narrowly funnelform, with no sharp distinction between tube and throat; lobes 

 spatulate to rotund, white, yellow, pink, purple or blue; stamens equally inserted 

 on the tube, the level of insertion varying according to species; filaments of equal 

 length, included or exserted; pistil included or exserted; capsule ovoid, each locule 

 from 1- to 10-seeded; seeds sometimes becoming mucilaginous when moistened; 

 embryo orthotropic. 



About 40 species, mostly in the Northern Hemisphere. 



It is very possible that additional species should have been included here. 



1. Corolla almost salverform, the lobes only about a third as long as the tube and 

 throat 1. P. paiiciflorum. 



1. Corolla funnelform-campanulate to rotate-campanulate, the lobes longer than 

 the tube and throat (2) 



1370 



