4. Verbena urficifolia L. White vervain. 



Stems solitary, to 25 dm. tall, coarse, simple or branching from near the base, 

 hispid or hirtellous to almost glabrous; leaves petiolate. broadly lanceolate to 

 oblong-ovate, 8-20 cm. long, acute or shortly acuminate, coarsely crentate-serrate, 

 rounded at base and decurrent into the petiole, glabrous on both surfaces or 

 scattered-pilose with rather long irregular hairs beneath; spikes paniculate, slender, 

 pedunculate, rather sparsely flowered, often very elongate; bractlets ovate-acumi- 

 nate, very short, ciliate; calyx 2 mm. long, pubescent (especially on the veins), 

 the obtuse lobes not connivent, the short and subequal teeth subulate; corolla 

 white, very small, the tube scarcely surpassing the calyx, limb 2 mm. wide, lobes 

 obtuse. 



Low rich or open woods, wet meadows, thickets, river floodplains and bottom- 

 lands, waste places, fencerows, pastures and streamsides, Okla. (Murray Co.) and 

 in Tex. from Bowie and Wilbarger to Newton, Brazoria and Gonzales cos., also 

 in Wheeler Co. in the Panhandle, June-Oct.; Que. and Ont. to Neb., s. to Fla. and 

 w. to Tex. and Okla. 



Var. leiocarpa Perry & Fern, differs in having the lower leaf surface uniformly 

 and densely short-pubescent; known from Cass Co., Tex.; it occurs sporadically 

 almost throughout the extra-limital range of the species. 



5. Verbena hastafa L. Blue vervain. Fig. 654. 



Stems to 23 dm. tall, mostly simple, stiffly erect, often branched above, mostly 

 rough-pubescent with short antrorse hairs; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 

 occasionally ovate-lanceolate, petiolate, 5-18 cm. long, gradually acuminate, 

 coarsely serrate or incised, sometimes hastately 3-lobed at base, glabrous or slightly 

 pubescent, not scabrous; spikes usually numerous, paniculate, stiffly erect, pedunc- 

 ulate, compact, densely many-flowered; bractlets lanceolate-subulate, usually a 

 little shorter than the calyx; calyx 2.5-3 mm. long, pubescent, the acute lobes 

 with short subulate tips and more or less connivent; corolla purplish-blue, the tube 

 somewhat longer than the calyx, pubescent outside, the limb 3-4.5 mm. wide. 



Moist fields, wet meadows, prairies, swamps, woods and streamsides, edge of 

 ponds, lakes and sloughs, often forming large conspicuous colonies in wetlands, 

 in Okla. (Ottawa Co.), the Tex. Plains Country, N.M. (Grant Co.) and Ariz. 

 (Coconino and Yavapai cos.), July-Oct.; N.S. to B.C., s. to Fla., Neb. and Ariz. 



In dry fields and pastures a field-form is developed with the leaves more canes- 

 cent-puberulous beneath and slightly rough above, the stem many-branched, and 

 the terminal inflorescences in many groups, all more or less equally dense. 



Var. scabra Moldenke diff'ers in its more rigid leaves that are conspicuously 

 scabrous above and often more or less conspicuously pubescent beneath; known 

 from Hemphill Co., Tex.; a western form of the species, B.C., Ida., Mont, and 

 N.D. to Calif., N.M. and Tex., e. to Wise, and Kan. 



6. Verbena Macdougalii Heller. New Mexican vervain. 



Stems to 1 m. tall, stout, obtusely tetragonal, simple or occasionally branched, 

 ashy-green, hirsute-pubescent; leaves oblong-elliptic or elongate-ovate, 6-10 cm. 

 long, short-petiolate or narrowed into a subpetiolar base, coarsely and irregularly 

 serrate-dentate, hirtellous, rugose and minutely pustulate above, densely pilose- 

 pubescent and prominently veined beneath; spikes solitary or sometimes several, 

 thick, comparatively dense both in anthesis and in fruit; bractlets lanceolate- 

 subulate, usually longer than the calyx, pubescent, ciliate; calyx 4-5 mm. long, 

 rather densely pubescent, the very obtuse lobes ending in short subulate teeth; 

 corolla deep-purple, the tube scarcely surpassing the calyx, the limb 6 mm. wide. 



On flats at high elev., in wet mt. meadows and valleys, w. Tex. (Culberson 

 Co.), N.M. (widespread in mts.) and Ariz. (Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Greenlee, 



1399 



