In damp woods, edge of water in streams, wet gravel bars in river beds, along 

 open-wooded streams and seepage areas in e. Tex. and Okla. (McCurtain and 

 Cherokee cos.), July-Nov.; from Fla. to Tex., n. to N.E., N.Y., O., Ind., Mo. 

 and Kan.; a nat. of India that locally often becomes a troublesome weed. 



The seeds produce an edible oil that is used in commerce. 



13. Lycopus L. Water-horehound. Bugle-weed 



Perennial mostly stoloniferous or tuber-bearing herbs resembling Mentha but 

 not fragrant; stem erect, simple or branched; leaves mostly toothed or pinnatifid; 

 floral bracts similar to leaves and much longer than the dense axillary whorls of 

 small mostly white flowers; calyx campanulate to ovoid, 4- or 5-toothed, naked 

 in the throat; corolla more or less campanulate; stamens 2, distant, the upper 

 pair either sterile rudiments or wanting; cocci with thickened margins. 



More than a dozen species in the North Temperate regions. 



1. Mature cocci exceeding the lanceolate to triangular calyx lobes and mostly 

 concealing them (2) 



1. Mature cocci noticeably exceeded by the subulate or cuspidate calyx lobes (3) 



2(1). Stem usually puberulent. rising from a slender base, with elongate mostly 

 non-tuberous stolons; calyx ovoid-cylindric; corolla tubular with 

 erect lobes; stamens and style included 1. L. virginicus. 



2. Stem glabrate, from a tuberous base, the stolons bearing whitish tubers; calyx 



campanulate; corolla with flaring lobes; stamens and style mostly 

 exserted 2. L. uniflorus. 



3(1). Lower and median leaf blades sessile; plant tuberiferous 3. L. asper. 



3. Lower and median leaf blades tapering to petioles or to subpetiolar bases; 



tubers rarely developed (4) 



4(3). Ridge of cocci entire, relatively soft and corky; lower and median primary 



leaves typically incised or pinnatifid at least at base 



4. L. americanus. 



4. Ridge of cocci verrucose to tuberculate; lower and median leaves merely 



serrate 5. L. rubellus. 



1. Lycopus virginicus L. Virginia bugle-weed. Fig. 671. 



Stem obtusely angled, usually puberulent with curved hairs, to about 8 dm. 

 high, rising from a slender (not conspicuously tuberous-thickened) base; stolons 

 filiform, mostly not tuberiferous; leaves dark-green or purple-tinged, ovate to 

 ovate-oblong or elliptic, firm, rather abruptly acuminate at both ends, coarsely 

 toothed, to 15 cm. long and 5 cm. broad; glomerules dense, often seemingly 

 compound, in maturity 8-15 mm. broad, the mature cocci usually concealing the 

 calyces; calyx ovoid-cylindric; corolla tubular, with erect lobes; stamens mostly 

 included; cocci asymmetrical, their summits deeply muricate. 



Rare in marshy soils and along woodland streams, in alluvial thickets along 

 streams, sloughs and lakes or river floodplains, wet meadows and along ditches, 

 in s. e. Tex. and Okla. {Waterfall), Aug.-Dec; from Ga. to Tex., n. to N.E., 

 N.Y., O., Ind., Wise, Minn, and Neb. 



2. Lycopus uniflorus Michx. Fig. 672. 



Plant from thick, often tuberlike rootstock and often stoloniferous from lower 

 nodes; stems erect, slender, simple or branched, 1-8 dm. tall; herbage green or 

 purplish; leaves sessile or subsessile, 2-7 cm. long, to 2.5 cm. wide, lanceolate to 

 ovate, acute, cuneate at base, unequally serrate to dentate-serrate, pubescent on 

 veins beneath; calyx lobes oblong-ovate to triangular, 1.3-1.5 mm. long, obtuse; 

 corolla 2-3 mm. long; stamens 2, rudimentary stamens absent or much-reduced; 



1437 



