1. Viburnum L. Viburnum. Arrow-wood 



Shrubs or small trees with simple leaves and numerous white or rarely pink 

 flowers in compound cymes; petioles sometimes bearing appendages that are 

 apparently stipules; leaf buds naked or with pairs of scales; calyx 5-toothed; corolla 

 spreading, rotate to broadly campanulate, deeply 5-lobed; stamens 5, exserted, 

 the anthers oblong and introrse; style none, the 1 to 3 stigmas sessile on summit 

 of ovary; fruit a 1 -celled 1 -seeded soft-pulpy drupe with a thin-crustaceous tumid 

 or flattened stone. 



About 200 species in the North Temperate Zone. 



The fruits of most species of Viburnum are eaten by many kinds of wildlife, 

 and man even enjoys the sweet pulpy fruits of the non-wetland southern black-haw 

 (F. rufidulum Raf.) 



1. Leaves somewhat lustrous above, the veins raised below and strongly curved, 

 gradually tapering or rounded to the apex, the margin revolute, 

 sometimes somewhat denticulate; twigs, petioles and lower surface 

 of leaves rusty-scurfy; anthers elevated 4-5 mm. above corolla; 

 pulp of drupe bitter; stone globose-obovate, smooth in cross section 

 1. V. nudum. 



1. Leaves dull-dark-green above, the veins not noticeably raised below, usually 

 long-acuminate at apex, the margin only slightly revolute; twigs 

 smooth and glabrous; lower surface of leaves rusty-scurfy when 

 young, becoming light-green with scurfy dots in age; anthers ele- 

 vated 1-3.5 mm. above corolla; pulp of drupe sweet; stone oblong- 

 ellipsoid, ridged and grooved in cross section 2. V. nitidum. 



1. Viburnum nudum L. Possum-haw. Fig. 729. 



Shrub spreading or somewhat erect and arborescent, to 5 m. tall; buds brown 

 or fuscous; leaves with a petiole to 1 cm. long, lustrous above, usually dotted 

 beneath, coriaceous, elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate, rarely ovate, rounded 

 to abruptly acute at apex, the more or less crenate margin revolute, to about 

 15 cm. long and 75 mm. wide; cyme to 1 dm. wide, on a peduncle 15 mm. or 

 more long; corolla about 5 mm. wide; stamens long-exserted, the filaments 4-5 

 mm. long; drupe subglobose, bluish-black, glaucous, the flesh usually bitter; stone 

 typically globose-obovoid. 



Along streams in swamp forests, bogs and in wet pinelands in e. Tex., Mar.- 

 June; from Fla. to Tex., n. to N.E., Ky. and Ark. 



2. Viburnum nitidum Ait. Withe-rod. 



Shrub or small tree very similar to V. nudum, from which it difi'ers primarily 

 in the narrower, long-acuminate, less coriaceous leaves without conspicuously raised 

 veins on their lower surface. V. nudum var. angustifolium T. & G., V. cassinoides 

 var. nitidum (Ait.) McAtee. 



In swamps and wet woods in e. Tex. (Jasper Co.), Apr.-June; from Nfld. to 

 Man., s. to Fla. and Tex. 



2. Sambucus L. Elder-berry 



Shrubby to arborescent or rarely herbaceous plants with a rank smell when 

 bruised; bark with lenticels clearly evident; leaves pinnate or rarely with some 

 bipinnate, the leaflets serrate and acuminate; flowers small, numerous in terminal 

 compound cymes; calyx lobes minute or obsolete; corolla rotate, with a broadly 

 spreading 5-cleft limb; stamens 5, inserted at base of corolla, the filaments slender; 

 stigmas 3; fruit a berrylike juicy drupe that contains 3 small seedlike stones, 

 usually edible. 



About 40 species mainly in temperate and subtropical regions. 

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