1. Solidago caesia L. Blue-stem goldenrod. 



Glabrous perennial; stems slender and often slightly fractiflex, the internodes 

 even in the head-bearing portion of the plant 1-3 cm. long; branches about as long 

 as to usually shorter than the upper leaves in the axils of which they are borne 

 and in turn bearing a few head-bearing branchlets; upper leaves remote, spreading, 

 mostly broadly lanceolate, very thin, serrate most of the length. 



Rare, in rich wettish woods along creeks in e. Okla. (Delaware Co.) and in e. 

 Tex., Sept.-Oct.; e. U.S. and s.e. Can., w. to Wise, and Tex. 



2. Solidago salicina Ell. 



Plant coarse, glabrous, about 1 m. tall; upper half of stem roundly (obscurely) 

 quadrangular, often with narrow wings on the ridges; leaves of midstem mem- 

 branous, broadly lanceolate, to 14 cm. broad, about 3.5 times as long as broad, 

 in the basal third of the length narrowed to subpetiolar (but broadly winged) base, 

 marginally closely serrate on the upper two thirds of the length; terminal head- 

 bearing portion diffuse, somewhat one-sided with long whiplike branches, the 

 glomerules of head-bearing branchlets (or occasionally tertiary branches) definitely 

 secund on the outer half to two thirds of these whiplike branches. 



Rare in moist loam or in swamps and bogs, in e. Tex. (Nacogdoches Co.), Oct.; 

 Coastal States, Va. to Tex. 



3. Solidago sempervirens L. var. mexicana (L.) Fern. Seaside goldenrod. 

 Rhizomes often extensive; plants altogether glabrous and smooth; aerial stems 



usually 1-2 m. tall; leaves often somewhat fleshy, perfectly entire, the inconspicu- 

 ous venation forming merely a fine reticulate pattern rarely with readily discerni- 

 ble secondary nerves; basal leaves ascending, often long, grasslike, terminally 

 rounded and narrowed to the subpetiolar base for most of the length; stem leaves 

 much smaller, grasslike to narrow elliptic, often ascending or appressed and 

 apically acute or rarely blunt; leaves of the head-bearing portion usually reduced; 

 head-bearing portion often elongate but definitely one-sided and its branches 

 nearly always curly at the tips. S. stricta Ait., S. angustifoUa Ell. 



Frequent in marshy often slightly brackish swales and ditches, s.e. Tex. in- 

 frequent inland in e. Tex. to Austin and Gonzales cos.), fall; Coastal Plain from 

 Mass. to Ver. (the var. sempervirens from Nfld. to Va. ) 



This is somewhat variable in habit and size of head; plants with highly reduced 

 upper leaves, relatively narrow head-bearing region and small heads have been 

 segregated as S. stricta; every conceivable intergradation occurs. 



4. Solidago rugosa Ait. var. celtidifolia (Small) Fern. 



Rhizomes creeping; aerial stems 8-15 dm. tall, shortly hispid; basal leaves di- 

 vided into an expanded bladelike portion and a linear subpetiolar base; leaves of 

 midstem dark-green or sordid, ovate or narrowly ovate, 4-7 (-10) cm. long, 

 1.3 to 2.5 times as long as broad, apically acute, somewhat wrinkled, essentially 

 penninerved, marginally with 10 to 20 conspicuous serrations on each side spaced 

 out rather evenly from the apex nearly to the base, often stiffly pubescent on the 

 nerves beneath and with very slight scabrosity on the upper surface which has the 

 nerves impressed and the internerve areoles slightly raised, on the lower surface 

 the nerves prominent and the areoles depressed; head-bearing region one-sided, 

 usually very diffuse with several long whiplike branches the outer portions of 

 which bear the markedly secund head-bearing branchlets. S. aspera Ait. Referred 

 here are some Texas plants which have been called S. uhnifoJia. 



Frequent in sandy soil and seepage in s.e. Okla. {Waterfall) and e. and s.e. 

 Tex., Sept.-Nov.; Que., Ont. and e. U.S. w. to Mich., Ind., Mo., Okla. and Tex. 



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