alternate, simple, spatulate to oblong-lanceolate or ovate, sessile, clasping, 4-10 

 cm. long, often obscurely serrate; phyllaries biseriate, the inner ones half as 

 long as the outer, the outer ones few and somewhat foliaceous, 6-10 mm. long, 

 lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; receptacle columnar, slender; ray flowers present, 

 5 to 9, styleless, infertile; rays yellow or often red-brown or brown-purple 

 basally, 10-25 mm. long; disk oblong-cylindric at maturity; disk flowers numerous, 

 perfect, fertile, the corollas brownish and 5-toothed terminally; style branches 

 with small pubescent appendage; mature achenes terete, minutely transversely 

 wrinkled, about 2 mm. long; pappus absent. Rudbeckia amplexicauUs Vahl. 



Moist or wet places in the e. half of Okla. (Waterfall) and the e. two thirds 

 of Tex., rare in Plains Country and Rio Grande Plains, spring-summer; Coastal 

 States, Ga. to Tex. and Okla. 



29. Borrichia Adans. 

 A tropical genus of perhaps 5 species. 

 1. Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC. Sea ox-eye daisy. Fig. 763. 



Rhizomatous subshrub (2-) 4-8 (-12) dm. tall, much-branched but the branches 

 all rather stiffly ascending; leaves opposite, variable in size and shape, obovate 

 to oblanceolate or spatulate, 2-6 cm. long, sessile or narrowed to a subpetiolar 

 base, acutish or obtuse, entire or spinulose-dentate or even with small lobelike 

 teeth on the sides near the base, thick and somewhat fleshy, gray-green, densely 

 but minutely pubescent; heads terminating the branches on upwardly slightly 

 expanded peduncles 1-3 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, about 5 mm. high; 

 phyllaries rather indurate, in roughly 2 series; outer phyllaries about half to two 

 thirds as long as the inner, acute, in texture and pubescence and color much like 

 the leaves; inner phyllaries spinose-squarrose, nervate, less pubescent than the 

 outer; receptacle flat or very slightly convex, chaffy throughout; pales firm or 

 indurate, nearly linear but with a stout noxious spine-tip; ray flowers 15 to 30, 

 pistillate, fertile; rays 5-10 mm. long, yellow or orangish, 3-toothed apically; disk 

 flowers numerous, perfect, fertile, the corolla yellow and 5-toothed terminally; 

 achenes prismatic, those of the ray flowers trigonous, of the disk flowers tetra- 

 gonous; pappus a low crown of persistent brown scales, one over each angle of 

 the achene. 



Extremely abundant in coastal areas of Tex. and inland in local areas of poor 

 drainage and salt accumulation to Gonzales and Webb cos., nearly all year; 

 coastal areas, D.C. to Ver.; also S.L.P.; much of W.I. 



30. Helianthus L. Sunflower 



Annual or perennial herbs; stems simple or branched; leaves always opposite at 

 least at the base of the stems and usually alternate above (usually alternate for 

 most of the length of the plant, but opposite nearly throughout in some species), 

 usually coarse-textured, 3-nerved (this obscure in some species), at least the lower 

 ones usually narrowed to a petiole or a subpetiolar base; heads usually borne 

 singly at the ends of nearly naked terminal peduncles; involucre usually saucer- 

 shaped to hemispheric; phyllaries in 2 to 4 series, either subequal or strongly 

 graduated, often ciliate-margined; receptacle plane to convex, chaffy throughout; 

 pales folded around the disk achenes; ray flowers uniseriate, usually pistillate but 

 always infertile, the yellow rays 3-toothed apically; disk flowers very numerous, 

 perfect, fertile; corolla tubular, mostly yellowish but with 5 equal teeth terminally 

 which are yellow to brownish or reddish to purplish; disk achenes laterally com- 

 pressed but not thin-edged, often subrhombic in transection, often emarginate 

 apically as seen from the side; pappus usually of two elongated awns over the 



1655 



