A very closely related form, but with an entirely yellow disk and reputed to 

 be more robust with woodier rootstocks, is H. simulans E.E.Wats. It is rare in 

 boggy areas in east Texas (Robertson Co. and probably elsewhere) and Louisiana. 

 Its degree of distinctness needs further investigation. 



3. Helianthus Maximiliani Schrad. Maximilian sunflower. 



Stout perennial, with usually several mostly simple stems 3-30 dm. tall from 

 the woody crowns or short rootstocks, rarely with lateral branches near the top, 

 scabrous or with abundant short white hairs; leaves alternate, lanceolate, gradually 

 acuminate to both ends, mostly 14-30 cm. long, 20-55 mm. broad, marginally 

 entire, sometimes obscurely serrate, surficially with many short hairs imparting a 

 grayish-green color, sessile; phyllaries 10-15 mm. long, densely pubescent, mar- 

 ginally strongly ciliate, spreading; heads in a simple terminal racemose arrange- 

 ment, less commonly in a paniculiform grouping, 50-75 mm. across; disk 

 florets 10-12 mm. long, the base of the corolla puberulent; rays bright-yellow, 

 25-35 mm. long, concave; pale linear-acuminate, obscurely 3-cuspidate, apically 

 pubescent. 



Frequently in seasonally moist ditches, depressions or prairies, in Okla. {Water- 

 fall) and in n.-cen. and s.e. Tex. and Edwards Plateau, infrequent in Plains 

 Country and rare in the Trans-Pecos, (late summer)-fall; most of s. Can., s. in 

 cen. U.S. to Tex. and in Coastal States to N.C. 



4. Helianthus Nuttallii T. & G. 



Perennial from short tuberlike fascicled roots; stem 3-10 (or -20) dm. tall, 

 simple or branched, smooth and glabrous, usually glaucous; leaf blades 5-15 cm. 

 long, about 1-2 cm. wide, narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, entire 

 to somewhat serrulate, tapering at base and gradually decurrent below confluence 

 of lateral veins into a winged petiole about one fourth as long as the blade, 

 scabrous or hispid, paler green beneath; heads few to several in a sometimes 

 many-branched leafy-bracted cymose panicle, the peduncles long or short, scab- 

 rous below heads; phyllaries 12-20 mm. long, lanceolate-subulate, gradually 

 tapered from base to apex, seldom hispid but often clothed with whitish hairs, 

 somewhat hirsute-ciliate on margins, the outer phyllaries often extending con- 

 siderably beyond the disk and loose but not refiexed; receptacle bracts linear, 

 straw-colored, glabrous below, brown and pubescent on the back (especially 

 toward the tip), entire or with 2 very obscure lateral teeth, the acute apex some- 

 times produced as a short mucro or awn from the distally somewhat keeled 

 midrib, shorter than or of almost the same length as the mature disk flowers; 

 rays 8 to 24, 20-25 mm. long; disk yellow, 15-20 mm. across; achenes glabrous; 

 pappus of 2 linear-lanceolate pales, rarely with some intermediate squamellae. 



In springy or marshy places, sloughs, or on dry ground in valleys and plains, 

 N.M. (San Miguel, Sierra, Socorro and Rio Arriba cos.) and Ariz. (Apache, 

 Coconino and Yavapai cos.), Aug.-Sept.; Sask. to Alta., s. to N.M. and n. Ariz. 



31. Verbesina L. Crown-beard 



About 150 species, native to America. 

 1. Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Gray. Cowpen daisy. 



Much-branched grayish-green or canescent-pubescent taprooted annual 1-9 dm. 

 tall; leaves chiefly opposite, with a roughly deltoid lamina portion (coarsely 

 dentate) and narrowed below to a broad subpetiolar base which usually clasps 

 the stem, rarely the leaves with true unwinged petioles (var. exaiiriculata Robins. 

 & Greenm.); heads solitary on the pedunculiform ends of the branches or rarely 

 2 or 3 fairly closely aggregated, each 2-3 cm. across (incl. the expanded rays); 



1659 



