Var. caespitosa. Leaves all crowded near the base of the plant. 



In s.e. Okla. and s.e. and n.-cen. Tex., s. to Refugio and w. to Navarro and 

 Bastrop cos.; Miss., Ark., Okla. and Tex. 



Var. signata Beadle & Boynt. Stems leafy nearly throughout except for the 

 uppermost peduncular flowering portion. 



Abundant on the Edwards Plateau and in limy cuestas of n.-cen. Tex., the Rio 

 Grande Plains and the e. part of the Plains Country, s. to DeWitt Co. and w. to 

 Val Verde and Taylor cos.; endemic. 



2. Marshallia tenuifolia Raf. 



Leafy-stemmed perennial (2-) 4-10 (-12) dm. tall from a caudex; stem usually 

 branched near the middle, the branches strictly erect; radical leaves spreading, 

 thin-textured, obovate or spatulate, obtuse; stem leaves numerous, gradually re- 

 duced upward, glabrous, entire, the lowermost ones (2-) 3-4 cm. long and 

 (4—) 5-10 (-13) mm. broad, mostly 3-nerved, spatulate to obovate or oblong- 

 obovate in outline, with obtuse sometimes emarginate bladelike portion gradually 

 narrowed basally into broad-winged subpetiolar bases shorter than the blades; 

 lower stem leaves elongate, linear to linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, attenuate, 

 (2-) 4-20 (-22) cm. long, (1-) 2-13 (-14) mm. wide, broadest near the middle, 

 gradually tapering to obtuse or acutish apexes and more or less sessile somewhat 

 clasping bases, prominently I- to 3-nerved; upper stem leaves narrowly linear, 

 attenuate, acute, gradually reduced in size upwards to the linear-subulate bracts 

 of the peduncles; heads singly terminating the pedunculiform upper portion of the 

 branches; involucres (5-) 10-15 (-20) mm. high; phyllaries herbaceous, subequal 

 in about 2 series, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate or somewhat rhomboidal in out- 

 line, with strongly subulate apices, (2-) 4-5 (-6) mm. long; pales linear-attenuate, 

 strongly subulate-tipped, 4-7 mm. long, longer than the phyllaries; corolla purple 

 or pale-lavender, 6-14 mm. long; pappus scales (0.7-) 1-2 (-2.5) mm. long, 

 achenes 1.5-3 mm. long. 



Infrequent in sandy usually wet or moist soil, in wet savannahs and on seepage 

 slope, occasionally in boggy soils with pitcher plants, and in wettish forests of e. 

 and s.e. Tex., late summer-Oct.; Coastal States, Ga. to Tex. 



37. Helenium L. Sneezeweed 



Annual or perennial caulescent herbs usually with taproots; stems 1-20 dm. tall, 

 usually simple below, ascendingly branched above; leaves alternate, usually 

 ascending, in some species decurrent, essentially sessile, the lowest ones often 

 pinnately lobed, the upper usually not, all beset with microscopic droplets of 

 resinlike exudate; peduncles monocephalous, terminal; receptacle usually globose 

 or prolate (or globose but basally truncate), naked or rarely with a few short 

 bristles in the peripheral zone; involucre usually flat or even inverted-saucer- 

 shaped; phyllaries about 16, in 2 series of about 8, lanceolate to subulate, herbace- 

 ous in texture, usually pubescent and resin-atomiferous, the outer somewhat 

 longer than the inner, usually reflexed at maturity; ray flowers absent or present, 

 about 8, pistillate or not, fertile or infertile; rays yellow (or red-brown with a 

 yellow tip), apically 3-lobed, often reflexed, dorsally often hairy and resin- 

 atomiferous; disk usually globose or prolate; disk flowers numerous, perfect, 

 fertile; corollas yellow mostly, with 5 moniliform-pubescent triangular lobes which 

 are either yellow or red-brown; style branches unappendaged, truncate, penicillate; 

 achenes obpyramidal, 4- or 5-angled, short and squatty, usually antrorsely hairy 

 at least in the basal part; pappus of 5 translucent scales each of which usually is 

 prolonged into an awnlike tip, occasionally the whole scale narrow and awnlike. 



About 40 species, mostly in western America. 



1677 



