3. Helenium microcephalum DC. Sneezeweed. 



Taprooted annual (2-) 3-6 (-8) dm. tall, usually simple-stemmed basally, bushy- 

 branched above, the stems winged; leaves narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong- 

 elliptic, usually serrate or undulatc-serrate-margined, blunt, ascending, decurrent; 

 peduncles short so that the heads usually just barely emerge above the foliage 

 mass; receptacle usually short conic-globular; rays entirely yellow, (1-) 2-3 (-5) 

 mm. long; disk pale-red-brown, usually slightly higher than thick; achenes mostly 

 0.8-1 mm. long; pappus scales 0.2-0.4 (-0.5) mm. long, ascending. H . ooclinium 

 Gray. 



Abundant in overgrazed areas, especially in low seasonally moist areas of clay 

 soil, in seepage areas and along streams in s.w. Okla. {Waterfall) and w. half of 

 Tex., infrequently e. to Brazos and San Patricio cos., summer- (fall); also Tarn., 

 N.L. and Coah. 



4. Helenium flexuosuni Raf. Fig. 774. 



Perennial herb perennating by rosetted offshoots at the crown; stems 3-10 dm. 

 tall, simple basally, profusely branched, winged below; radical leaves usually 

 withered by flowering time, linear-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceo- 

 late to spathulate, entire to pinnatifid-incised, 3-21 cm. long, 4-30 mm. broad; 

 stem leaves mostly entire, linear-lanceolate, decurrent, much-reduced upward; 

 heads usually many, globose; receptacle subglobose to conical-subglobose; ray 

 flowers when present infertile (style usually absent); rays yellow, umber or suffused 

 with red or purple, 10-21 mm. long; disk red-brown to red-purple, 7-20 mm. 

 thick, 5-15 mm. high, the corollas predominantly 4-merous; achenes 1-1.5 mm. 

 long, columnar to truncate-turbinate; pappus scales usually 5, lanceolate, acute 

 and awned apically. H. nudiflonim Nutt. 



Infrequent in moist sandy places, in swamps, swampy meadows, along ditches, 

 sloughs and streams and about ponds, in s.e. Okla. (McCurtain Co.) and s.e. Tex. 

 (s. to Calhoun Co.), rare in e. Tex., spring (to first week in June); e. U.S. w. to 

 Mo., Okla. and Tex. 



5. Helenium Drummondii Rock. Fig. 774. 



Perennial herb perennating from rosette-leaved off-shoots of the crown; stems 

 (19-) 47-54 (-60) cm. tall, solitary, simple, subscapose, monocephalous, winged 

 below; radical leaves usually present at flowering time, linear-lanceolate to elliptic- 

 lanceolate or less commonly spatulate or oblanceolate, marginally entire to 

 repand, dentate to pinnatifid; stem leaves narrower, nearly linear, very strongly 

 reduced upward, the uppermost (near the middle of the stems) being mere bracts; 

 receptacle convex to hemispherical; ray flowers astylous, infertile, the yellow rays 

 12-22 mm. long; disk yellow, 9-14 (-18) mm. high, 12-22 mm. thick, the corollas 

 5-lobed; achenes columnar to truncate-turbinate, 1-1.5 mm. long, hairy on the 

 ribs; pappus scales 5 to 10, 2-3.5 mm. long, deeply divided into capillary seg- 

 ments. 



Infrequent in poorly drained areas and seepy soils on edge of woods and 

 thickets, in s.e. Tex., rare in e. Tex., spring; Tex., La. and Fla. 



6. Helenium autumnale L. 



Perennial herb from a fibrous-rooted subrhizomatous base; stems erect, 3-10 

 dm. tall, branched above, winged; leaves mostly linear-elliptic, usually serrated, 

 3-15 cm. long, 3-18 mm. broad, acute, decurrent; peduncles 3-6 cm. long; 

 receptacle roughly globose; ray flowers pistillate, tardily fertile, the rays yellow; 

 disk globose, 8-13 (-20) mm. thick, yellow, the corollas 5-merous; achenes about 

 1.5 mm. long, hairy on the ribs; pappus scales lanceolate, erose-fimbriate, acumi- 

 nate, about a fourth as long as the tube. H. canaliculatuin Lam., H. edwardsianum 

 Cory. 



1679 



