40. Anthemis L. Camomile 



A genus of several species, mostly European; one is adventive with us. A. 

 nobilis L. is the usual source of "camomile," a useful stomach drug. Maruta Cass. 



1. Anthemis Cotula L. Mayweed, dog-fennel. Fig. 777. 



Ill-scented taprooted annual 2-5 dm. tall, usually with several stems from 

 the base; leaves alternate, bipinnatifid, the divisions linear; heads terminal and 

 solitary on the branches which are naked for the upper 1-3 cm.; involucre 

 saucer-shaped, about 3 mm. high, 6-8 mm. broad; phyllaries in 2 series, subequal, 

 mostly scarious, elliptic, obtuse or acutish, pubescent; receptacle high-conic, 

 chaffy toward the apex, the subulate pales stiff; ray flowers 10 to 15, infertile; 

 rays white, 6-8 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad; disk flowers numerous, perfect, 

 fertile; corolla greenish-yellow, glandular-granuliferous, 2 mm. long, with 5 teeth; 

 achenes cylindric, 1-1.5 mm. long, nearly ribless or very weakly 10-ribbed; pappus 

 absent. 



Scattered in waste places, sometimes in wet meadows and marshy lowlands, in 

 the e. half of Okla. and the e. two thirds of Tex., N.M. (Bernalillo Co.) and Ariz. 

 (Coconino, Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal. Cochise and Pima cos.), escaped from cult., 

 Mar.-July; a Eur. herb now widely adv. in the world. 



41. Achillea L. 



A large genus of north-temperate areas. 

 1. Achillea millifolium L. Common yarrow, milfoil. Fig. 778. 



Perennial herb with 1 to several stems from the base, 2-10 dm. tall; leaves 

 alternate, bi- or tripinnatifid, variably pubescent, rather fernlike; heads with 

 about 10 to 20 flowers, in terminal corymbose rather dense clusters; involucre 

 turbo-cylindric, 4-5 mm. high, 2.5-4 mm. thick; phyllaries in about 4 series, 

 graduated, mostly scarious; receptacle chaffy, the stiffish pales oblong; ray flowers 

 present, 5 to 12; rays white; tube of disk corolla more or less flattened; corolla 

 whitish or yellowish-white, 5-toothed; achenes more or less obcompressed, sub- 

 rhombic to obliquely triquetrous in transection, oblong or obovate in outline, 

 callous-margined, glabrous; pappus absent. 



Frequent in disturbed soil, more or less ubiquitous, sometimes abundant in 

 wet meadows, seepage areas and marshlands, in the n. half of Tex., throughout 

 Okla., N.M. and Ariz., spring-summer; nat. of Eur. and Asia, with varieties nat. 

 to nearly all of N.A. 



Ours are the var. occidentalis DC. with rays about 2 mm. long, and the var. 

 lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper with rays 2.5 mm. long or longer. 



42. Cotula L. 



About 50 species that are native chiefly to the Southern Hemisphere, mainly 

 in the Old World. 



1. Cotula coronopifolia L. Brass buttons. Fig. 779. 



Low diffuse strong-scented glabrous perennial herb; stems many, decumbent, 

 to 3 dm. long; leaves alternate, 2-6 cm. long, entire to toothed or pinnatifid, 

 linear to oblong, sheathing stem at base; heads on slender naked peduncles, dis- 

 coid, bright-clear-yellow, depressed, to 1 cm. broad; phyllaries thin, scarious, 

 greenish, in 1 or 2 ranks; receptacle essentially flat, naked; ray flowers absent, 

 their places taken by 1 outer row of pistillate flowers which lack corollas and 

 are on stipes as long as the involucre; central (disk) flowers with 4-toothed 

 corollas, on shorter stipes; achenes pedicellate, compressed, papillate on inner 



1686 



