Ariz. (Apache, Coconino, Graham and Greenlee cos.), July-Sept.; also Colo, and 

 Ut. 



5. Cirsium pallidum (W. & S.) W. & S. 



Biennial 1-2 m. tall; stem simple, leafy, sparingly branched about the inflores- 

 cence, arachnoid above, becoming glabrate below, striate; lower cauline leaves 

 lanceolate, acute, attenuate to the base, irregularly serrate-dentate with the teeth 

 tipped with short weak spines; upper cauline leaves narrowly oblong to triangular- 

 lanceolate, clasping at the base, with rounded auricles, acute, irregularly dentate 

 or shallowly lobed, the margins spine-tipped, glabrous beneath, sparingly white- 

 villous above, lanate along midrib; inflorescence of few heads crowded when 

 young but racemose with age; heads stout-pedunculate or sessile, subtended by 

 reduced very spiny leaves, campanulate, 3 cm. high and about as broad or 

 smaller; phyllaries linear; outer phyllaries arachnoid on the backs and margins, 

 tipped with a long slender spine and usually bearing 2 or more slender lateral 

 spines just below the tip; inner phyllaries lanceolate, thick and firm, scaberulous, 

 with slender flat weak tips; corollas greenish-yellow; achenes oblong-obovate, dark- 

 brown, glabrous and shining. 



In swamps, marshes, wet meadows and along streams, in N.M. (widespread in 

 mts.). June-Oct.; also Colo. 



6. Cirsium vinaceum W. & S. Fig. 78 ! . 



Robust biennial 1-2 m. tall, with numerous ascending branches; stems brownish- 

 purple, striate, slender, glabrous; basal leaves glabrous, green, 3-5 dm. long, 

 to 2 dm. wide, elliptic-oblong in outline, pinnatifid nearly to the midrib, the 

 overlapping segments laciniately lobed; lobes of leaf segments oblong-lanceolate, 

 acute, the teeth tipped with short slender yellowish spines; heads very numerous, 

 naked, campanulate, commonly nodding; phyllaries in numerous series, narrowly 

 lanceolate, with long flat weak spreading tips, deep-reddish-purple throughout, 

 glabrous on the back, scarcely keeled, ciliate or puberulent on the margins, tipped 

 with short slender yellowish spines; inner phyllaries with long slender twisted tips; 

 entire head about 5 cm. in diameter and 4 cm. high, sometimes smaller; corolla 

 lobes long and narrow, purplish; achenes obovate, brown, glabrous, with tawny 

 plumose pappus 1.5-2 cm. long. 



In water and mud of springs and streams, in N.M. (Otero Co.), July-Sept.; 

 endemic. 



7. Cirsium nidulum (Jones) Petrak. 



Root perennial; stem erect, branched above, 5-8 dm. tall, arachnoid-tomentose; 

 basal leaves 2-3.5 dm. long, deeply and regularly sinuate-pinnatifid, the short 

 lanceolate lobes with long yellow spines; upper cauline leaves reduced, sessile, 

 very spiny; heads solitary, ovoid; involucre about 3.5 cm. high; phyllaries glabrous 

 except for the arachnoid margins, with a rather faint glutinous ridge; outer 

 phyllaries somewhat spreading-reflexed, these and the middle ones terminated 

 by yellow spines to 2.5 cm. long; inner phyllaries acuminate, not spine-tipped; 

 flowers light red-purple, well-exserted. 



In marshes below springs and in wettish soils along streams, in Ariz. (Coconino 

 Co.). June-Oct.; Ariz., Ut., Nev. and Calif. 



8. Cirsium foliosum (Hook.) DC. 



Perennial with a taproot; stem to 6 (-10) dm. tall or sometimes much- 

 abbreviated, thick and succulent, edible, usually only slightly if at all tapering 

 above, more or less crisp-arachnoid; leaves more or less arachnoid-villous above, 

 rather thinly tomentose or subglabrous beneath, weakly spiny, pinnatifid or merely 



1697 



