somewhat compressed but still lenticular in transection and about a third as thick 

 as broad, brownish, oblanceolate or linear-obovate, on each face with about 7 

 distinct longitudinal nerves, not winged or only very shortly winged on the 

 upper shoulders near the junction with the beak and these thin shoulders micro- 

 scopically ciliate, the beak filiform and 3-4 mm. long. 



Frequent in disturbed soil, especially if wet, in marshes and on edge of lakes 

 among Typha in Okla. (Grady Co.) and in n.-cen. Tex. and Edwards Plateau, 

 infrequent in e. and Trans-Pecos Tex. and Plains Country, N.M. (widespread) 

 and Ariz. (Santa Cruz, Pinal, Navajo, Coconino, Greenlee, Cochise, Pima and 

 Yuma COS.), June-July; nat. of Eur., now widely adv. 



The name is sometimes misspelled "scariola." 



2. Lactuca canadensis L. 



Biennial (?) with crowns 1-3 cm. thick; stems 5-25 dm. tall, mostly simple 

 except in the upper fifth of the height where branched, most of the stem leafy; 

 lowermost leaves (in the lower fifth of the height) usually pinnately lobed (rarely 

 even up to half the leaves lobed) but usually most leaves nearly lobeless; upper 

 leaves usually narrowly obovate, acute and basally narrowed to a nonclasping 

 base; leaf margins not spiny-dentate, some with weak teeth; involucres about 

 1 cm. long at anthesis. later 13-15 mm. long in fruit, the larger outer phyllaries 

 about 1.8-2 mm. broad; corollas yellow; achene body obovate, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, 

 about 1.5 to 2 times as long as broad, very flat and somewhat winged, dark- 

 brown or usually black, each face with 2 or 3 longitudinal nerves and numerous 

 weak transverse ridges, the filiform beak 2.2-2.5 mm. long. 



Infrequent in sandy soil, in marshes, alluvial thickets, muddy seepage banks 

 and on sandy-gravel bars along streams in Okla. (Waterfall) and e. Tex., rare in 

 n.-cen. and s.e. Tex., June-July (-Aug.); s.e. Can. and e. U.S. 



3. Lactuca graminifolia Michx. 



Biennial or weak perennial with taproots; stems erect, (3-) 5-9 dm. tall; basal 

 outer leaves sometimes runcinately pinnatifid but most of the lowest stem leaves 

 unlobed and linear, 10-25 (-33) cm. long, 5-12 mm. broad, remotely toothed or 

 entire marginally; leaves of midstem much-reduced upward, lance-linear or linear, 

 entire, tapered to a fine point; upper 1-2 dm. of plant essentially leafless, 

 sparingly branched; involucres 10-12 mm. long at anthesis, 15-16 cm. long in 

 fruit; corollas lavender or yellow; achene body very flat, about 5 mm. long, oblong 

 or oblong-elliptic in outline, 2 to 2.5 times as long as broad, black, with 2 or 3 

 longitudinal nerves on each face plus numerous weak transverse ridges, the 

 slender beak 2-4 mm. long, often drying flat. 



Rare in moist canyons, on open seepy slopes and wet meadows in the higher 

 parts of Davis and Guadalupe mts. in the Tex. Trans-Pecos, N.M. (rather wide- 

 spread) and Ariz. (Apache, Coconino, Yavapai, Greenlee, Gila and Pima cos.), 

 June-Sept.; s. U.S. from N.C. to Fla. and w. to Ariz., s. to n. Mex. 



Not clearly separated from L. pulchella and probably grading into it. 



4. Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC. Blue lettuce. Fig. 783. 



Perennial; rhizomes scaly, extensive, 3-5 mm. thick; aerial shoots erect, 3-8 

 dm. tall, simple and leafy for nearly the entire length; leaves not greatly reduced 

 upward (those at midstem more than half as long as those at base), mostly linear 

 and unlobed (in some specimens with very remote teeth marginally) or uncom- 

 monly nearly all the leaves runcinately pinnatifid; involucre 12-15 mm. long at 

 anthesis, 15-20 mm. long in fruit; corollas blue or lavender-blue; achene com- 

 pressed, the body oblanceolate, about 4 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, fuscous- 

 black, with about 5 longitudinal nerves and very weak internerve-roughening, near 



1701 



