each near the apex dorsally with a minute glandular spot which usually during 

 maturation of the fruit proliferates into a low crest or minute horn, making the 

 phyllary appear double-tipped or -appendaged; outer (shorter) phyllaries about 

 half or less as long as the inner, of the same texture and shape, spreading during 

 anthesis, calyculate; receptacle very slightly convex, naked; flowers all perfect, 

 fertile, in some races parthenogenetic and lacking functional stamens; corolla 

 yellow, bilaterally symmetrical, the raylike portion 5-toothed terminally; achene 

 very slightly flattened (the exterior ones sometimes roughly trigonous but plump 

 and rounded), the basal fusiform body with about 5 major rounded ribs and some 

 lesser intermediate ones, the one in the anterior portion often with a row of 

 antrorse spinose projections, the body giving way abruptly to the filiform beak as 

 long as or longer than the body and slightly flared apically; pappus of a large 

 number of whitish or yellowish-white fine capillary bristles which are either 

 persistent or break off separately but not falling together. T. erythrospermum 

 Besser, plus a number of other synonyms. 



Locally abundant in lawns, roadsides and other disturbed favorable places, 

 common in wet meadows in mts., essentially throughout our entire region, spring- 

 summer; nat. of Eur., now widely adv. 



A troublesome lawn weed whose leaves are used as a pot herb when young. 

 The color of the achene varies from grayish or huffy to rich-chestnut. 



52. Agoseris Raf. 



Perennial or rarely annual scapose herbs; leaves narrow, entire to pinnatifid; 

 heads solitary on long naked scapes; involucre usually graduated; receptacle naked; 

 corollas yellow, orange or purple; achenes subfusiform, ribbed, smooth, beaked; 

 pappus of soft white capillary bristles. 



About 25 species that are native to North America and southern South America. 



1. Beak of achene rather stout, nerved throughout; flowers yellow, with age 

 drying pinkish 1. A. glauca. 



1. Beak of achene slender, not nerved throughout; flowers burnt-orange, with 

 age often drying to purple or deep pink 2. A. aurandaca. 



1. Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Steud. 



Glabrous or nearly so and somewhat glaucous perennial, to about 7 dm. tall; 

 leaves linear to oblanceolate, to 35 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, entire or occasionally 

 with a few scattered teeth or shallow lobes; phyllaries imbricate or subequal, 

 mostly sharply pointed, sometimes purple-spotted; flowers yellow, often drying 

 pinkish; achenes 5-12 mm. long, often hirtellous-puberulent, the body tapering 

 gradually to a stout evidently striate beak to about half as long. 



Wettish prairies and wet subalpine meadows, in N.M. (McKinley and San 

 Juan COS.) and Ariz. (Apache to Mohave, s. to Graham and Pima cos.), May- 

 Oct.; B.C., s. to N.M., Ariz, and Nev. 



2. Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene. 



Perennial, glabrous to somewhat villous, 1-6 dm. tall; leaves to 35 cm. long 

 and 3 cm. wide, rounded to acuminate at apex, entire or with a few divergent 

 slender teeth or lobes; phyllaries narrow, equal or somewhat imbricate, sharply 

 pointed or the outer ones obtusish, often purplish along the midrib and some- 

 times purple-dotted; flowers burnt-orange, commonly turning purple to deep- 

 pink in age; achene body 5-9 mm. long, abruptly narrowed to the slender 

 scarcely or obscurely striate beak that varies from distinctly longer to scarcely 

 more than half as long as the body. 



In wet subalpine meadows and on seepage slopes, open conifer forests, in N.M. 

 (Rio Arriba, San Juan and San Miguel cos.) and Ariz. (Apache, Coconino, 

 Yavapai, Gila, Cochise and Pima cos.), June-Aug.: B.C. to N.M. and Ariz. 



1704 



