Divided. Referring to the blade of an appendage when it is cut into distinct divi- 

 sions to, or almost to, the midvein, as though cut with scissors (fig. 787). 



Dorsal, dorsally. Pertaining to the back; the surface turned away from the axis. 

 Dorso-: used in combination to denote the back of. Dorsum: the back or parts 

 of the flower that face the outside. 



Dorsifixed. Attached by or to the back. 



Dorsiveritral. Having distinct dorsal and ventral surfaces. 



Downy. Covered with very short, weak hairs (fig. 785). 



Drupe. A fleshy, one-seeded indehiscent fruit containing a stone with a kernel; a 

 stone-fruit such as a plum. Drupelet: a diminutive drupe. Drupaceous: resem- 

 bling a drupe, possessing its character, or producing similar fruit. 



E-, Ex-. Latin prefix meaning without, out of, from, as "ebracteate." 



Echinate. Prickly, a hedgehog. 



Ecology. The study of organisms in relation to their environment. 



Edaphic. Pertaining to, or influenced by, soil conditions. 



Elater. An appendage within the sporangium which aids in dispersal of spores; in 



Equisetum, the clubbed hygroscopic bands attached to the spores. 

 Elliptic. In the form of a flattened circle, usually more than twice as long as 



broad. Ellipsoid: an elliptic solid. 

 Emarginate. Said of leaves, sepals, or petals, and other structures that are notched 



at the apex (fig. 787). 

 Embryo. Rudimentary plant within the seed. 

 Emersed, emergent. Raised above and out of the water. 

 Endemic. Restricted to a particular area or condition. 

 Endoglossum. A transverse projection from the dorsal wall of the carpel to make 



it almost completely septate. 

 Endosperm. The nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo of a seed and formed 



within the embryo sac. 

 Ensiform. Sword-shaped. 

 Entire. Having a margin devoid of any indentations, lobes, or teeth; said of the 



margin of appendages such as leaves, bracts, stipules, sepals and petals (fig. 



787). 

 Epetiolate. Without petals. 



Ephemeral. Referring to an organ living a very short time, usually a day or less. 

 Epi-. Prefix meaning upon, such as "epiphyte." 

 Epigynous. Said of a flower having sepals, petals, and stamens that are borne on a 



structure at the top of the ovary, the ovary thus being inferior. 

 Epipetalous. Said of stamens when they are inserted on the corolla. 

 Epiphyte, epiphytic. Characterized by growing on other plants or objects but not 



parasitically, such as orchids, bromeliads and ferns. 

 Equitant. Said of leaves disposed in a plane parallel to the radius of the axis 



clasping the stem, such as the leaf of Iris and some species of Juncus (fig. 



321). 

 Erose. Uneven; said of margins that give the appearance of having been torn, or 



of margins with very small teeth of irregular shape and size. 

 Escape. A cultivated plant found growing as though wild, dispersed by some 



agency. 

 Estipulate. Without stipules. (Cf. exstipulate) . 

 Evergreen. Retaining leaves throughout the year. 

 Excurrent. Projecting beyond the edge, as the midrib of a mucronate leaf or 



nerve of a floral segment. 



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