BY E. F. KALLMANN. GCA 



the naked e3'e (PI. xxxviii., figs. 6, 7). Well-preserved spirit- 

 specimens are of firm, compressible, and resilient consistency, and 

 of compact texture, and vary in colour frt»m jtale greyish-yellow 

 to light brown, occasionally with a faintly pinkish tinge. The 

 colour in life, according to previous descriptions, varies from 

 "hair-brown" to dull shades of purple. 



The dermal pores (PI. xl., figs. 3, 4) are distributed singly in 

 very close order, are circular or oval in shape, and vary from 

 about 100 to occasionally upwards of 300/i. in diameter. In the 

 dermal membrane, spined microxea occur scattei'ed in great 

 abundance. 



The "skeleton-sponge", — meaning by that the entire coherent 

 skeleton which i-emains after complete removal of all the fleshy 

 substance of a specimen by maceration with caustic potash, — is 

 of very characteristic gross structure. Its general superficial 

 contour is nearly similar to that of the original entire sponge; 

 but the shallow sui'face-furrows of the latter are replaced by deep 

 vertical fissures (PL xxxix., fig. 2) penetrating it (except its older 

 portions) almost or quite to the mid-plane, and thus reducing it 

 (since the furrows on the one side are situated exactly oppositely 

 to those on the other) to a series of nearly separate, transverse 

 lamellae. A single such lamella, photographed by transmitted 

 light, is shown in PI. xxxix., fig. 1. The lamellse are each about 

 1 mm. in thickness, and their distance apart, at their periphery, 

 varies from about 2 to 3 mm. ; their edges, which correspond to 

 the discontinuous, crenated surface-ridges of the internal sponge, 

 are irregularly lobed or toothed. Distally (i.e., in the upper 

 parts of the skeleton-sponge) the lamellte are either quite separate 

 from one another or are barely united together by- a thin septi- 

 form connection in the mid-plane of the sponge; but proceeding 

 towards the base of the sponge, this connection gradually in- 

 creases in breadth, and in addition an increasing number of 

 independent, synapticula-like connections arise between them, so 

 that in places a honeycombed appearance sometimes results. 



The skeleton-sponge is fine-textured, and (being composed to a 

 greater extent of spicules than of spongin) is, when dry, whitisli 



