768 BIONOMICS OF THE BUFFALO-FLY. 



horses are brought in from the bush, and kept in the stable or 

 stable-yards. Tt has been observed frequently that, under such 

 circumstances, the flies decrease and finally disappear. On the 

 other hand, milking-pens and cow-yards in regular use do serve 

 as breeding-places and sources of infestation. The frequent 

 removal of manure from such places would do much to reduce 

 the number of Lyperosia, as well as Stomoxys and non-blood- 

 sucking Muscids in the vicinity, but to control their numbers on* 

 the immense and thinly-populated grazing-areas would be 

 obviously impracticable. 



Lyperosia exiyna and disease. — None of the pathological con- 

 ditions of stock in the Northern Territor}?^ are known to be trans- 

 mitted by these flies, nor have the results of numerous micro- 

 scopical examinations suggested their probable connection with 

 the spread of disease. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE LIII. 

 Head of calf, showing earlj' stage of lesion caused by Lyptrosla exigua. 



