BT R. H. CAMBAGB. 545 



basalt, insufficient, however, to exercise any influence on the 

 surrounding vegetation. Its height io approximately 2,700 

 feet above sea-level, that of the village being about 2,000 

 feet. A few miles to the southward of The Peaks, it may 

 be noticed that the sandstone-area gradually disappears, so 

 that the locality marks approximately the south-western 

 margin of those great escarpments known generally as the 

 Blue Mountains. It, therefore, follows that the valley of the 

 Wollondilly, above its junction with the Nattai, though well 

 on the eastern watershed, is rather exposed to dry or western 

 influence, and protected from the damper eastern atmosphere, 

 the consequence being that the flora is, to a slight extent, of 

 a western type, and there is an absence of the brush or jungle 

 so common on the moist, sheltered parts of our coastal rivers, 

 or in the sheltered tributaries of the Kowmung River, just to 

 the north of this area. The locality affords a good example 

 of the influence which aspect exercises upon the growth of 

 forests. 



From Yerranderie, past Colong and Bindook to Mount 

 Werong, the country gradually rises from 2,000 feet to 4,000 

 feet above sea-level, and the geological formation alternates 

 between lelsite and a few hills of Permo-Carboniferous Sand- 

 stone, after which, and beyond Bindook, there is a consider- 

 able area of Silurian Slate, with some basalt on the highest 

 points, such as Mount Shivering (3,678 feet), and the actual 

 summit of Mount Werong (4,005 feet). Much of the country 

 around Mount Werong, which is on the Great Dividing 

 Range, consists of a granite-plateau, having a general eleva- 

 tion of about 3,900 feet. 



George Caley. — The first botanist or collector to visit any 

 part of the area described in this paper, was George Caley 

 (Sir Joseph Banks' seed- and plant-collector), whose explora- 

 tory journeys were made in 1802 and 1804, but were confined 

 to that part between Camden and The Oaks, neither of which 

 towns existed at that time. Caley's course, in 1802, was from 

 near Menangle to Picton, and on past Pictou Lakes (which he 



