19^ FUXGJ AND FUXGICIDE6 



The following method of treatment with hot water 

 has been recommended, as adaj^ted to the facilities of 

 most farmers. Have ready for the work some coffee 

 sacks, two ordinary wash-tubs, a good supply of hot 

 water and a clean barn floor. Partiallv fill tub Xo. 1 

 with water heated to about 130° F., and tub Ko. 2 with 

 water at 140° F. Then fill the coffee sacks with the 

 oats to be treated, and, taking one sack at a time, im- 

 merse it a minute or two in tub Xo. 1, for the purpose 

 of pai-tially heating the oats ; then lift it up, let it drain 

 for a moment, and then dip it in tub Xo. 2, leaving it 

 there for from five to eight minutes, turning and knead- 

 ing the sack to get all the seed soaked. Then empty 

 the oats on jm airy floor — if possible, in the sunshine or 

 a draft of wind, and on a dry dav — and let them become 

 thoroughly dry. A supply of hot water should be kept 

 on hand, some of which is to be poured into the tubs at 

 frequent intervals to replenish the supply and keep up 

 the temperature, which must be determined often by a 

 good thermometer. In tub Xo. 2 the water should 

 never get above 145°, nor below 133° 



For a long time solutions of copjier sulj^hate have 

 been used to prevent grain smut, but in the light of our 

 better knowledo^e thev should be discarded. Thev retard 

 the germination of the seed and decrease the yield. 



Experiments at the Kansas Station, by Professor 

 Kellerman, show that oat smut may also be prevented 

 by soaking the seed for twelve hours in a solution of one 

 pound of potassium sulphide (liver of sulphur) to ten 

 gallons of water. *' Place the seed in a wooden vessel, 

 and pour on the solution until the seed is covered several 

 inches deep. Stir the solution before 2:)ouring on the 

 grain, and thoroughly mix the seed several times before 

 takinor the latter out of the solution. Then 



spread out to dry. It will probably be best to sow the 

 seed as soon as possible, and before it becomes thor- 



