120 FUXGI AND FUNGICIDES 



the fallen leaves and dead plants should be removed and 

 burned. 



Two other hollyhock diseases commonly occur. 

 The more abundant is the leaf-sj^ot, due to the fungus 

 Cercospora altlimna. Leaves attacked by it show at 

 first small distinct spots, which rapidly enlarge, often 

 running together and destroying the entire leaf-tissue. 

 It affects young, as well as old, plants, and frequently 

 is very destructive. 



The leaf-blight of hollyhocks is due to Phyllosticta 

 althcBina. Affected leaves are usually not attacked in 

 so many places as by the leaf-spot, but the injury in the 

 infested area is more severe, the tissues being destroyed 

 as the fungus spreads. Excellent illustrations of these 

 diseases may be found in the American Florist (Jan. 25, 

 1894). The use of seed from non-affected plants, and 

 spraying with Bordeaux mixture, are recommended as 

 preventive measures. 



The Carnation Rust 



Uromyces caryophillinus 



During recent years the growing of carnations — 

 appropriately called the ^^ divine flower" — has become 

 one of the most important branches of the floral indus- 

 try. In consequence, the fungous diseases of the plant 

 have received unusual attention, and effective methods 

 of preventing most of them have been discovered. 



The carnation rust is the most important of these 

 diseases. It first appears on the stem or leaf as a pale 

 elevated pustule, over which the epidermis soon breaks, 

 hanging on the edges in a ragged condition, and reveals 

 a brown powdery mass which consists of the reproductive 

 spores of the fungus. Like the other rusts, this fungus 

 develops two kinds of spores, the uredof<por€S, which 

 may be likened to the conidia, or summer spores, of 



