VI FUXGI AXD FUXGICIDES 



dies of cultivated crops ; and the Department has been, ever 

 since, the chief center of interest in the development of knowl- 

 edge upon the subject. In 1888, Professor Scribner resigned, 

 for a ijrofessorship in the University of Tennessee, and was 

 succeeded bv Mr. B. T. Gallowav, under whose administration 

 the mycological section has been elevated to the Division of 

 Vegetable Pathology-, and has constantly increased in efficiency 

 and usefulness, now having a corps of trained experts who are 

 doing much to alleviate the ills of American agriculture. 



Wlien, in 1888, the experiment stations were established in 

 the various States, the subject of plant diseases was at once 

 recognized as one of the important lines of work — it being, in 

 fact, specially mentioned in the organic law upon which they 

 were founded — and in many stations, investigators at once 

 began work upon the problems involved. Although scarcely 

 six years have since passed, results of immense practical 

 importance have already been obtained in these investigations 

 and experiments — such as the demonstration of the value of 

 the hot water treatment for grain smuts ; of tlie effects of the 

 Bordeaux mixture, and other fungicides, in preventing potato 

 blight and rot, as well as the plum leaf-spot, raspberry anthrac- 

 nose, apple scab, pear leaf-blight, and many other maladies ; of 

 the nature of various onion diseases, and methods of their pre- 

 vention ; and of the final discovery of the cause and cure of the 

 potato scab. It is safe to say that, had the experiment stations 

 done nothing more for agriculture than to obtain these and 

 other similar results concerning plant diseases, the money 

 spent upon them by the government would have been wisely 

 invested. 



The authors, in connection with whose publications the 

 illustrations on the following pages originally appeared, are 

 indicated in the following list : After Arthur, figures 78, 79 : 

 Atkinson, figure 53 ; Bailev, plates II, XI, figures 10, 11, 21, 32, 

 33, 36, 37, 39: Beach, plates Yl. XIV, XV; Burrill. figure 87; 

 Chester, plate IX, figures 9. 88 ; Clinton, fi.gures 47, 48 ; Dudley, 

 plate XIII, figures 22, 23. 65, 66 ; Miss Detmers, plates I, XII ; 

 Fairchild. figures 34, 54 ; Farlow. plate IH, figure 7 ; Galloway, 

 plates IV. Yll, figures 8, 31 ; Carman, figures, 16, 18, 19, 49 ; 

 Halsted, 17, 20, 24, 46, 57-60, 64, 70-72, 75, 76; Miss Howell, 

 figures 89, 90 (in part) : Jones, figure 73 : Kinney, plate XVI ; 

 Kellerman and Swingle, figures 77, 80, 81 ; Lamson, plate V ; 

 Lugger, figure 2; Maynard, plate X; Pammel, figure 90 (in 



