than % 5 m, and deeper than about 20 m. 

 Depending on location, other kelps may 

 form relatively sparse surface canopies in 

 shallower or deeper water. These areas 

 outside the range of Macrocystis are also 



included in the discussion below, as 

 organisms within a kelp forest may have 

 ranges that extend both shallower and 

 deeper than Macrocystis . 



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B. 



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Figure 6. Cross-section showing the inhabitants of a generalized giant kelp forest. 

 The numbers to the right indicate vegetation layers (see legend for Figure 3). Three 

 broad zonal associations along the depth gradient are shown: Zl, inshore of the giant 

 kelp community; 12, within the giant kelp community; and Z3, offshore from the giant 

 kelp community. Various subcommunities or associations are indicated by the circular 

 diagrams: A, animals associated with the surface of Macrocystis and other seaweeds 

 (polychaetes , isopods, bryozoans); B, plankton in the water (various phytoplankton, 

 zooplankton and larval fish); C, animals found in giant kelp holdfasts (small sea 

 urchins, brittle stars, crustaceans, polychaetes; although shown on the outside, these 

 organisms occupy the spaces between the haptera); D, plants and animals characteristic 

 of horizontal surfaces (various sea stars, urchins, benthic fishes, understory algae); 

 E, organisms most common on vertical surfaces (primarily sessile animals such as 

 sponges, tunicates, bryozoans and sea anemones). Some of the organisms shown do not 

 co-occur at any one site (from Foster et al . 1983). 



21 



