Table 6. Common invertebrate grazers 

 affect recruitment. Common names are 



which may remove tissue from kelp plants or 

 from North (1971b) and Morris et al . (1980). 



Species 



Common name 



Grazing effects 



PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA 

 Strongyl ocentrotus 

 franciscanus 



S_. purpuratus 



Lytechinus anamesus 



Centrostephanus 

 coronatus 



Patiria miniata 



PHYLUM MOLLUSCA 

 Hal iotis rufescens 



H. fulgens 

 H. corrugata 

 Tegula brunnea 



T. funebral is 

 ]_. pul 1 igo 

 T. eiseni 

 T. montereyi 

 ]_. aureotincta 

 Norrisia norrisi 



Red sea urchin 

 Purple sea urchin 

 White sea urchin 



Bat star 



Red abalone 



Green abalone 

 Pink abalone 

 Brown turban snail 



Black turban snail 

 Dusky turban snail 

 Banded turban snail 

 Monterey turban snail 

 Gilded turban snail 

 Norris' s top snail 



Call iostoma annulatum Purple-ringed top 

 snail 



C. canal iculatum 

 C. ligatum 

 Astraea undosa 



A. gibberosa 

 Mitrella carinata 



Channeled top snail 

 Blue top snail 

 Wavy top snail 



Red top snail 

 Carinated dove snai 1 



Directly removes plants; consumes all parts of plants. 



Same as above. 



May graze juveniles, and portions of holdfasts and 

 lower fronds, weakening plant attachment; southern 

 California to Baja only. 



Grazes drift plants; possibly grazes holdfasts; 

 southern California to Baja only. 



At high densities, may graze microscopic stages, 

 affecting recruitment and early survivorship. 



Feeds extensively on drift kelp; may graze attached 

 stipes and sporophylls. 



Same as above. 



Same as above. 



Abundant on Macrocystis , other kelps, and Cystoseira . 

 Grazes surfaces of blades and fronds; may cause 

 weakening of tissue. 



Same as above but only in low intertidal. 



Same as above. 



Same as above. 



Same as above. 



Same as above. 



Same as above. 



Eats kelp, but appears to feed mainly on bryozoans 

 hydroids, diatoms, detritus. 



Same as above. 



Same as above. 



Found on substratum; may graze lower stipes and 

 sporophyl Is. 



Same as above. 



Abundant on Macrocystis blades and fronds; feeds mainly 

 on detritus. 



Lacuna unifasciata Chinkshell 



Feeds on stipes, producing pits. 



(continued) 

 62 



