THE FALSE-SCORPIONS OF SCOTLAND 25 



four of these I took immature Ch. dubius. The nests were very 

 thin, fine silky cocoons, covered with minute specks of sand and 

 earth exactly resembling a blob of sand ; they measured from 2*5 to 

 3 mm. in diameter, with contained creatures just over one milli- 

 metre long. On emerging, young dubius was quite active and very 

 sensitive ; one placed in a chip-box, on coming into touch with the 

 inequalities of the box drew back its pedipalps close to the fore- 

 body, keeping the tibia and the nippers directed outwards nearly at 

 right angles, and retreated in this fashion. My inference at the 

 time was that the youngsters were hibernating within the cocoons, 

 but I was then ignorant of the moulting-process taking place inside 

 a nest ; and that these young False-scorpions were really moulting 

 was proved two years later at Cambo, when I again found in the 

 month of September numbers of nests of this species, in four of 

 which at least were the cast-off moults of immature specimens. 



Ch. dubius does not appear to hibernate inside a cocoon. Some 

 of the adults at least live in winter in a free condition under stones. 

 In their Aberdour haunt, on November 26, 1904, during hard frost 

 which had continued for some days, I found three individuals under 

 stones in a wood. They were alive but practically inert, and, one 

 would say, almost dormant. Two which I kept alive were active 

 enough at night, however, on my reaching home. Aird and Robert 

 Whyte found the species living free on December 22, 1906, in the 

 same locality. 



On October i, 1904, I succeeded in finding in the Aberdour 

 stronghold the female with her embryonic young attached to her. I 

 had long been expecting to discover Ch. dubius with her young inside 

 a nest, but Mr. Wallis Kew had from his knowledge of allied species 

 suspected that there would be no nest for reproductive purposes, and 

 stated this to me in our correspondence. My discovery proved that 

 he was right, for the adult was quite free, in no cocoon whatever, but 

 -simply resting in a small depression on the underside of a stone, with 

 her irregularly-shaped white embryonic mass attached to the under- 

 side of her abdomen. 



Chernes panzeri (C. L. Koch), 1836= C rufeolus, Sim. ; Camb., 1905. 



My first introduction to this species was in April 1907, at the 

 hamlet of Grange, Borrowdale (Cumberland), in the neighbourhood 

 of which Aird and Robert Whyte were spending their Easter holi- 

 days in pursuit of False -scorpions. While collecting Cheiridium 

 museoru??i in a barn, on April 11, they obtained a specimen of 

 Chernes panzeri on the under side of a stone buried among hay. 

 Six days later they took me to the same barn, where, by lifting 

 stones deeply embedded in the earthen floor, we found both old 

 and young individuals somewhat commonly. Several specimens 

 were living under a cake of damp hay and barn refuse that was 



