CHAPTER IX 



ORGANS OF REPRODUCTION; PAIRING; 

 OVIPOSITION ; DEVELOPMENT 



THE genital glands are situated anterior to the 

 kidneys, the right extending farther forward 

 and often larger than the left. The testes are 

 elongate. The vas deferens is closely folded proxi- 

 mally, and runs along the outer side of the kidney 

 into the cloaca close to the ureter. The ovaries are 

 elongate, and consist of two lamellae, with a lymph- 

 space between them. The oviduct extends from 

 near the anterior extremity of the ovary to a common 

 chamber, or vagina, which is above the rectum and 

 opens into the cloaca ; this vaginal chamber may be 

 more or less completely divided into two. 



The males are provided with a pair of intromittent 

 organs, or hemipenes, each connected with one of 

 the caudal vertebrae by a muscle {retractor penis) which 

 often exceeds it in length. These organs are cylin- 

 drical or club-shaped and hollow, with the inner 

 surface divided into numerous cavities and beset 

 with papillae, and usually also with hard spines, of 

 which those towards the apex may be greatly de- 

 veloped, folded against the walls, and directed 



towards the extremity. Such spines are absent in 



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