Small Fruits iii the Family. 43 



fruit bearing laterals, but if done just at the time the cane reaches twenty 

 inches, more fruit bearing laterals will be thrown out than if allowed to grow 

 without pinching. The third and each succeeding si:)ring the laterals must 

 be cut back to within live to ten inches of the cane, and at the same time the 

 canes that bore the fruit the previous year must be removed. Some fruit 

 growers practice removing the old canes so soon as the fruit is gathered, but 

 1 think it better to allow them to remain until sj^ring, that they may be a 

 stay and protecticni against the winds, of the new growth. In the cultiva- 

 tion of the red varieties, the same rules maj^ be observed as in that of black 

 caps, excepting that they do not need to be pinched back quite so low. The 

 disposition of these to sprout from the roots and to spread rapidly, must be 

 met by a vigorous use of the hoe or plow, unless plants are wanted. Many 

 object to raising red raspberries, for the reason, as they say, that they grow 

 and spread so rajoidly as to become a nuisance ; not seeming to know that it 

 takes no more labor to cut them down with a hoe when young, than to re- 

 move grass or weeds. 



VARIETIES. 



Of all the many varieties I have tried, I have had none equal to the Gregg 

 and Thwack. 



BLACKBERRIES 



Maj' be treated very much as raspberries, excepting that they are not to 

 be pinched back until they reach thirty inches. Of the different varieties, 

 I recommend the Snyder as the only one that will withstand a temperature 

 such as we, in Indiana have had this winter, 25^ below zero. 



CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES. 



Were it not for the worms so fatal to these fruits any one, with skill enough 

 to produce a hill of corn, could have them. But the worm : what shall we 

 do with him ? How shall we get rid of him ? " Kill him," says one. Yes, 

 that will doit. If you kill him you get rid of him. But how shall we kill 

 him? "Aye, there's the rub." I know I shall be laughed at if I attempt to 

 give a remedy for the injury done by the currant Avorm. But, knowing full 

 well that no horticultural meeting can be rounded off successfully unless 

 some one gives a " sure cure " for the " currant worm," or the " cabbage 

 worm," or the "pear blight," I will attempt one. I imagine I already hear 

 coming up from different parts of this audience, white hellebore, pyreth- 

 reum, ashes, soap suds, tar water, coal oil, salt, road dust, wheat bran, young 

 ducks, and last, though not least, " English sparrows." My remedy is to 

 make a new plantation in remote parts of the garden, every few years. 

 The worm does not seem to attack the bushes until they reach the age of 

 four or live years. 



GRAPES. 



In another part of this paper it is stated that all grounds, upon which 

 small fruits are grown, if not naturally underdrained must be artificially un- 



