226 Mississippi Valley Horticultural Society. 



4. Larva, footless, 5. 



Larva, with 16 legs, Eudemis bitrana (Schiff.). 



5. About i\ in. long, not hairy, Craponius inxqualis (Say). 



Loss than J in. long with flsshy hairs, rarely, Imsoma vitls (Saund.). 

 European vineyards have suffered much of late from related diseases, but 

 authorities have differed as to the cause of some of them. Planchon has 

 found anthrachnosed berries infested by the fungus Sphaceloma ampdimum, 

 I)e Bary. Passerini has ascribed the injury to Ramularia ampelophaga, Pass.; 

 wiiile Cornu has traced the disease to the American Phoma uvicola, B. and C' 

 above mentioned, and still others have found its cause in one or other of the 

 many fungi of the vine. More recently Prillieux, having examined grapes 

 from this country, has shown that in some cases, at any rate, the Phoma only 

 grows on tissues already diseased through the previous action of Pernnospora 

 vitirda. 



REMEDIES. 



With respect to remedies for the Peronospora rot several points are sug- 

 gested. In damp, hot weather the fungus spreads readily from plant to plant 

 by means of the spores borne on the frost-like tufts everywhere abundant on 

 diseased leaves; hence it has been proposed to kill these by dusting the af- 

 jected plants with sulphAr, applied by a sulphur bellows. Where the disease 

 's local in its appearance this may prove effectual if promptly- resorted to, 

 but it should be borne in mind that the actively vegetating part of the para- 

 site, its mycelium, lives in the interior of the diseased parts, where it is 

 protected from all topical applications, and for this reason can not be de- 

 stroyed by them like the Fluropcan Oldium. There is consequently no means 

 of reaching the fungus after it has once entered the plant. 



The most promising time for attacking the pest is the fall or winter. On 

 the approach of the latter season winter spores are produced in some of the 

 leaves permeated by mycelium. These spores fall to the ground with the 

 leaves and lie dormant until spring, when they germinate, the mycelium 

 proceeding from them growing into any young grape leaves or shoots with 

 which the spores may bo brought in contact. Up to the present time these 

 spores, which do not appear to be very abundantly formed in this countryi 

 liave been found only in the leaves of the grape, but it is possible that they 

 may be equally or oven more abundant in the Virginia Creeper, so that any 

 mca.sures intended to destroy tho'ni .should extend to both host plants of the 

 fungus. 



It is not only possible, but quite probable, that the careful collecting and 

 burning of all g ■ai)o an 1 creeper leaves in the fall would so lessen the num- 

 ber (jf lliese spores loft to germinate in the following spring, as to much sim- 

 jilify the problem of preventing the spread of the disea.se by the judicious 

 use of sulphur. To secure any real good this treatment should be adopted by 

 every one who owns a vineyard, and few wild plants of either the grape or 

 Ami)i'I(ip,si.s .should be allowed to grow, unwatchod, in the vicinity of valu- 

 able i-nltivatcd plants. 



