Committees Appointed. 113 



below zero. It is the same way with fruits. My first planting 

 was put out in 1856. They grew and looked nicely. They looked 

 well for three winters. On the second day of June they were all 

 killed. They were killed other places too. Two years after ped- 

 lers came in from Ohio, New York, etc. They sold many trees. 

 Every one thought he could grow any variety. In the summer 

 and fall of 1872 it was excessively dry. I examined the trees. 

 They were dead, ninety-nine out of a hundred. Everybody said 

 it was the winter, but it was the dry weather. I went to work 

 again on scientific principles. I kept the ground mulched, and so 

 damp and cool. In the fall the wood was well ripened. I have 

 never lost a tree by cold since. The reputation of our country is 

 generally bad for fruit; but when I consider the price of our fruit, 

 there is no business at which a man can make more money with 

 better satisfaction. 



Gov. Colman — I have been interested in these remarks. I have 

 wondered why apples could not be grown in Minnesota when they 

 can in New York, where the mercury falls to forty or more degrees 

 below zero. If it is the dry weather that kills them, I hope it will 

 be published, so the people will know it. 



Mr. Fefer, of Wisconsin — Drouth has had much to do with 

 our failures — more than cold. The season of 1855 and 1856 was 

 very dry. It froze up dry. All kinds of trees came out dead in 

 the spring. In 1871 and 1872 it was the same way. Evergreens 

 were killed. We thought it was the winter, but it was the drouth. 



3Ir. Gibbs — On the Volga, in Russia, are the largest orchards on 

 the globe. They do not suffer their trees to go into winter dry. 



Mr. Day, of Nebraska — I have been raising trees for fifteen years. 

 I have not lost from cold, but from drouth. 



COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 



At the conclusion of the discussion of this paper, the President, 

 in accordance with a resolution adopted during the afternoon, named 

 the following committees : 



On Fruit Packages — E. T. Hollister, of Missouri; N. Ohmer, of Ohio; M. 

 Pierce, of Minnesota; E. H. Williams, of Indiana; and C. C. Wright, of Illi- 

 nois. 



