142 TEANSACTIONS OF THE HOBTICULTUEAL 



of the fields were subject to supply his wants. When he captured 

 them for food, he knew just what he had to form into a toothsome 

 dish, flavored with herbs and vegetables from his garden. 



He, man, soon became a cultivator of fruits, but many kinds, 

 until very recent date, were gathered where they grew as a spon- 

 taneous gift of nature. As man became civilized his wants increased. 

 The Esquimaux, who live along the ice-bound seas of the Arctic 

 land, have no fruit, agriculture, horticulture, or grazing laud to 

 enjoy. The very climate in which they live forbids a fruit and vege- 

 table diet. The rigor of their climate demands a food of almost pure 

 carbon, as found in the blubber of the whale, and he eats a tallow 

 candle with as keen a relish as one of us would a dish of strawberries 

 well covered with sugar and cream. 



As we go toward the ecpator man requires a less oily food, and 

 lives on a vegetable and fruit diet. Nature seems to have made all 

 things to contribute to our good, as Vegetables and fruits grow to 

 perfection where the skilled horticulturist applies his hand. Then 

 may not man rejoice, and exclaim with the great law-giver : " And 

 God saw that all was good." 



This paper is intended to show the adulteration and frauds that 

 are practiced by those who work up the raw material for the con- 

 sumer to use as food. As fruit and vegetable growers we cannot 

 adulterate, our fruit has got to be just what it represents itself to be. 

 True the railroads bill our tomatoes as fruit, yet they are a vegetable 

 all the same. The railroads make more money for transportation by 

 listing them as fruit in place of a vegetable, and the public is so far 

 swindled. Whatever vegetables or fruits we raise and put on the 

 market it shows for itself that we are compelled to be honest. We 

 may scrimp a little in measure, but have to do it so everybody knows 

 it, and the public only pay for what they buy. 



There is an ancient Laten proverb which means, if a thing is 

 false in one particular it is false in every way and to be treated with 

 entire distrust. This applies most justly and deservedly to the false 

 and fraudulent substitute for butter, which go partly under the 

 names of oleomargarine, butterine, suine, olioine, and other trade 

 names, but which really appear in consumption as butter, and also in 

 the guise of butter fat, or cream in cheese. This primary fraud is 

 backed up by a variety of others; just as it is the usual way with 

 adulteration, that they themselves become adulterated, so these spur- 

 ious butters are made up of a great variety of vile stuffs which ren- 

 ders them not only unwholesome, but positively poisonous. 



When these butter substitutes are made from leaf lard of the 

 hog or the suet of beef, and these animals healthy when slaughtered, 

 there is no objection to their being used as food. They are just as 

 wholesome a food as any other part of the flesh, but they should be 

 sold for just what they are, suet and lard butter. The dairy interest 



