the products of the farm. Were all men agriculturists, the market would dis- 

 appear, and the surplus of the farmer would lose its exchangeable value. As 

 the number and the prosperity of those interested in the manufacturing and 

 meclianic arts increases, the demand, enlarges, and remunerating prices of Agri- 

 cultural products reward the industry and skill of the farmer. 



But not only does the firmer thus secure the advantage of an inteuser demand 

 f )r his own surplus, hut the prosperity of the Arts is attended with new applica- 

 tions of Science, the introduction of new machinery, the more minute and 

 methodical division of labor, and a greatly increased facility and skill in the 

 executive processes. All this works a saving in the cost of production, and a 

 diminution of the price of the manufactured article to the Agricultural consumer. 

 The prosperity of the Arts, therefore, works a double advantage to the farmer, 

 in the intenser demand for his o-\vn surplus, and a greatly enlarged reward in the 

 shape of finished products, which he is able to command in return for it — in the 

 enhanced value of the raw material on the one hand, and the reduced price of 

 the perfected article on the other. 



But again, the progress of discovery and improvement in the Arts, and the 

 increased demand for raw matei-ial, is sure to regenerate Agriculture itself, by 

 prompting to a broader and deeper cultivation, by the introduction of new 

 articles of produce ; by stimulating to the adoption of more approved processes, 

 and to new combinations of the physical elements — to a more judicious division 

 and methodical arrangement of the dilierent departments of field labor, to 

 greater facility and skill in all the executive operations, and finaUy to the habitual 

 improvement of Agricultural implements, from the most simple to the most com- 

 plicated, until the farm comes to vie with the shop itself, in the number of its 

 inventions, and the perfection and productive power of its mechanism. 



It is in perfect accordance with these views, that England, transcending all 

 other nations in the variety and perfection of her Arts, is uni'ivalled in her 

 Agriculture. It is an equally apt illustration of the truth of our doctrine, that 

 Poland, an annual exporter of grain, but without arts, is the poorest country in 

 Europe. 



In the early settlement of wild tracts of the earth's surface, by the aggressive 

 march of civilization. Agriculture is not only the dominant interest, but from the 

 nature of the case, it may be said to be almost the only interest. 



In such conditions, it has not unfrequently happened, that the Agricultural 

 habit and sentiment have been so exclusively and intensely cherished, as to 

 amount to a sort of economical bigotry, scarcely tolerant of the introduction of 

 a disturbing social element, in the form of Manufactures and the Arts. Some 

 of the planting States of this Union have hugged themselves into poverty, while 

 sneering at th<j " lords of the power loom and the spinning jenny." 



