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county, runs easterly through the entire of tlie county, and empties into Lake 

 Michigan at Manitowoc. Aside from the obstruction of a small sand bar at the 

 mouth of this river, it is navigable nearly to Manitowoc Rapids, a distance of 

 more than three miles by its course; and at a comparatively small expense it might 

 be improved and made navigable to within three miles of Lake Winnebago. 



Vessels, carrying from seventy-five to one hundred thousand feet of lumber, 

 have generally run into the river, loaded their holds full, and passed out without 

 difficulty ; and crafts, taking forty to fifty thousand feet, have generally put on a 

 full load and gone over the bar without striking. The depth of the water on the bar 

 for several years past, has been an average of about six feet ; the average depth 

 of water inside is about fifteen feet, extending nearly to Manitowoc Rapids. 



The point, at the mouth of the Manitowoc River, lying nearly equidistant 

 from Milwaukee and the Islands, is one oi national importance as regards the 

 interest of the commerce on the Lakes; and it is admitted bv nautical men of 

 the first judgment, to be the best natural point for a harbor between Chicago and 

 Bailey's Harbor. It is estimated that an appropriation of 20,000 or 30,000 dol- 

 lars judiciously expended, would make it safe and ea.sy of access, at all times, to 

 all vessels navigating the lakes. The Twin Rivers are next in size to the Manito- 

 woc; and taken together, are not much inferior on the score of natural advan- 

 tao-es. There are numerous other streams of some importance in various parts 

 of the county, of which time and space forbid even a passing notice. 



All our rivers and streams abound in numerous and valuable water powers, 

 many of which are already improved by saw and grist mills. Our land is 

 heavily timbered, and without prairie, except in a few small marshes. 



The general character of the soil in the eastern portion bordering on Lake 

 Michicran, and embracing about one-seventh of the whole extent, is black, sandy 

 loam. The remaining six-seventh is clay and sand loam, well mixed with lime. 

 The timber is bass-wood, different varieties of elm and maple, beech, oak, ash, 

 pine, hickory, hemlock, birch, butter-nut, &c. 



Our averao-e yield per acre will be safely put down as follows: Potatoes, four 

 hundred bushels; corn, fifty; oats, fifty; wheat, fort}'. 



The manner of farming in all heavily tirabei'ed new counti'ies must be very 

 nearly the same. As yet the plough has been but little used. If defects exist 

 in the modes of clearing and cultivation generally adopted by our farmers, it will 

 require some one better posted up in practical farming than myself to point 

 them out and name the remedy. 



Our market facilities are good. The farmers have been able to sell all their 

 surplus at home at Milwaukee and Chicago prices, with freight, pierage, dockage, 

 drayage, and commission added. Owing to the large number of our citizens engaged 

 in the lumbering business, our farmers have not been able to supply the demand. 



