218 



scratches generally ranning E. S. E. and W. N, W. The surface of the" rock is 

 again exposed about three miles north of this village, where the Pigeon River has 

 removed the superincumbent clay. Here, too, the surface of the rock (which is 

 about sixteen feet above, and one mile distant from the lake) is polished and 

 grooved, the striaa having the same general direction as before mentioned. The 

 whole noi'thern part of the county, as far as my acquaintance goes, has this same 

 bed of clay for a subsoil. There are no hills of any considerable height; and I 

 do not know of any place where the limestone makes its appearance at the 

 suiface. 



Going west from Sheboygan, the same sandy loam and clay soil is met, as 

 before mentioned. At Sheboygan Falls, six jniles from the lake, the limestone 

 again makes its appearance in the bed of Sheboygan River. The surface of the 

 rock which is in the neighborhood, of forty-five feet above the level of the lake, 

 is also polished and grooved as at the two other points. 



The next most notable feature in the surface of our county is best developed 

 in the western part, about eighteen miles from this village, and consists of a 

 range of hills (morains ?) extending north and south, and provincially called 

 " potash kettles." These hills are steep, conical, and from forty to one hundred 

 and fifty feet in height, with deep indentations between, and are composed of a 

 confused mass of sand, pebbles and rounded stone, principallj' carbonate of lime. 

 These hills have been penetrated eighty-two feet in a perpendicular direction for 

 water without success, the sand and gravel at the bottom being scarcely moist. 

 This formation, m a much less degree, is found in various parts of the county, 

 forming a dry limey soil, well adapted for agricultural purposes. 



Going south from the village of Sheboygan, we cross the Sheboygan River, 

 which is from twelve to fifteen feet in depth. The valley of this river is here 

 about one mile wide, and through its whole extent contains a rich bed of fresh- 

 water marl. Beyond the valley of this river, the same formation, as at our 

 village, extends on the lake shore to Black River, which is about four miles 

 distant. This stream comes from the south, and runs nearly parallel to the lake. 

 The narrow strip of land lying between the river and lake, is either drifting sand 

 or low ground ; west of the river is high ground, not dissimilar to the rest of the 

 county. The county generally is strewn over with boulders of coarse granite, &c. 

 A few boulders of copper have been picked up in the drift, and also a few sped- 

 mens of coral. 



As to the Agricultui'al condition of the county, the Rev. H. Lyman lia? fur- 

 nished me with the followino- statement: 



"The first opportunity to make a safe judgment upon the agripulturnl condition 

 of Sheboygan County, vvas pi'esented in September, 1851, when its first Ajrt-icul- 

 tural Fair was held upon that occasion ; and in investigations preliminary thereto. 



