262 ox FEVEES AMONGST HORSES, CATTLE, ETC. 



garly as the "blue disease," "distemper," "red-soldier," there 

 is not a little resemblairce to the typhus feA'er of man. Just 

 as the latter arises from filth, bad ventilation, and over- 

 crowding, so may the disease hog-cholera be engendered. The 

 general description of the character of the rubeoloid rash or 

 eruption also mainly corroborates the aj)pearances as witnessed 

 in the pig. In the early stages the spots are flattened on the 

 surface, have no well-defined outline, and fade insensibly into 

 the colour of the surrounding skin. The colour likewise disap- 

 pears on pressure. At later stages the spots assume a darker 

 colour, A\liich does not disappear but only fades on pressure, 

 and as time advances they become dark purple. They are 

 likewise so numerous as to run into each other, and thus involve 

 greater part of the surface of the body. 



The condition of internal states also bears a close resemblance 

 in the two cases, giving rise to outward signs of similar character 

 and order ; death being usually preceded by coma as a result of 

 blood-poisoning, or syncope from failure of the heart's action, 

 due to the same cause. In the morbid anatomy the analogy is 

 not so complete; the appearances are, on the other hand, char- 

 acteristic of typlwid fcxcr , and consist of congestion of the mucous 

 membrane of the intestines, especially in the neighbourhood of 

 the solitary and Peyer's glands, prominence through increased 

 growth of the gland cells, softening of the contents, elimination 

 and ulceration, &c. 



In the glos-anthrayi or "blain " of cattle and sheep there may 

 be discovered some analogy to the malignant or putrid sore 

 throat in man, now identified as a form of scarlet fever. "When 

 these diseases arise spontaneously in both subjects, it appears to 

 be due to some external cause engendered by soil, climate, 

 moisture, and other malarious influences operating upon a 

 peculiar state of the system, the symptoms of which coincide 

 ver}' faithfully. 



In man the signs are somewhat as follow: — In the milder 

 forms the scarlet rash is not always visible, but petechia? are 

 often seen, and the attendant fever is of a low t}']:)hoid character. 

 At other times the patient sufiers suddenly from a septic, 

 typhoid, and malignant fever of extreme virulence, followed 

 closely by great prostration, irregular pulse, short, quick, and 

 difficult breathing, and raving, stupor, or coma. The tongue is 

 furred and of a dark brown colour, cheeks flushed, eyes sufiused, 

 aphthous elevations ajjpear in the throat, and are surrounded by 

 a dark, livid base, which, shortly bursting, expose a dark, raw 

 surface of a gangrenous character. The air passages and fauces 

 are clogged with a viscid mucus, which increases the pain and 

 difficulty of breathing as well as swallowing, and acrid, sanious 

 discharges flow from the nostrils, &c., which blister and excoriate 



