78 ON PLANTING IN EXPOSED AND 



sively in exposed situations, both in quantity and variety of 

 plants, including the common kinds of forest trees and shrubs, 

 viz.: — Common, Turkey, and scarlet oak, ash, Scotch and 

 English elm, sycamore, maple of variety, beech, birch, poplar, 

 willow, silver alder, elder, common and variety, sea buckthorn, 

 common and black thorn, evergreen oaks, hollies, arbutus, yews, 

 guilder rose, mock orange, lilac, spiraes of sorts, privet of sorts, 

 Mahonia, Berberis, Weigellias, sweet briar, Lonicera in variety, 

 snowberry, dogwood, Leyccsteria formosa, &c., Scots fir, Austrian 

 pine, Pineaster, Corsican pine, American spruce, &c. All are too 

 young, however, to be noticed specifically in illustration of the 

 subject of this paper, but a few general remarks may be made 

 regarding them. As a general rule, the sycamore, maple, and 

 wych elm have been found to be the most hardy and most 

 suitable deciduous trees for planting in exposed situations, and 

 the Austrian pine the best coniferous, or fir tree, for that 

 purpose. The evergreen oak, arbutus, and holly, the best ever- 

 green shrubs of large size, and the sea buckthorn, wild cherry, 

 elder, and mountain ash, of small sized trees, and shrubs of the 

 deciduous kinds ; and of small shrubs, tamarix and snowberry, 

 although many of the others may prove better in different soils 

 than those named. The writer has found the silver alder {A Inus 

 incana) very hardy in its young state, but he has no experience 

 of its growing to a moderate size or age. The Corsican pine 

 grows well in very exposed situations in its young state, but 

 from its being a bad rooter, it may become unsuitable as it grows 

 up. It is, however, when young a fast grower, and stands the 

 exposure well. The Pinus niaritima, although highly recom- 

 mended as a sea-side plant, has not succeeded in the writer's 

 experience where the ground is stiff or in any way inclined to 

 be damp. 



In forming plantations in exposed situations it will be found 

 advantageous, if not almost necessary to ensure success, to make 

 the plantation of as large an area as the circumstances of the 

 case will admit of, as trees will in many cases grow, and even 

 thrive, wlien planted in large masses, which would actually 

 starve in small clumps or belts. Another important matter to 

 be attended to is the thorough preparation of the soil, by trench- 

 ing or ploughing, draining, &c., and great care should be taken 

 in selecting the most hardy and suitable varieties of trees, and 

 those that are likely to succeed in the soil into which they are 

 to be planted. The plants used should be small, and well trans- 

 planted ; and those that are known to stand severe winds and 

 sales, without takinc' into consideration their being of little value 

 as timber trees, should form the margin of the plantation, while 

 the more valuable varieties may be used towards the interior, 

 even if less hardy, providing that the soil is suitable. In this 



